ASHRAE Handbook 07 IP 2007
$102.38
2007 ASHRAE Handbook HVAC Applications (I-P Edition)
| Published By | Publication Date | Number of Pages |
| ASHRAE | 2007 | 951 |
PDF Catalog
| PDF Pages | PDF Title |
|---|---|
| 1 | I-P_A07_Ch01 I-P_A07_Ch01 Systems Systems |
| 2 | Equipment Sizing Equipment Sizing Single-Family Residences Single-Family Residences Heat Pumps Heat Pumps |
| 3 | Furnaces Furnaces Hydronic Heating Systems Hydronic Heating Systems Zoned Heating Systems Zoned Heating Systems |
| 4 | Solar Heating Solar Heating Unitary Air Conditioners Unitary Air Conditioners Evaporative Coolers Evaporative Coolers |
| 5 | Humidifiers Humidifiers Dehumidifiers Dehumidifiers Air Filters Air Filters Controls Controls Multifamily Residences Multifamily Residences Forced-Air Systems Forced-Air Systems Hydronic Systems Hydronic Systems |
| 6 | Through-the-Wall Units Through-the-Wall Units Water-Loop Heat Pumps Water-Loop Heat Pumps Special Concerns for Apartment Buildings Special Concerns for Apartment Buildings Manufactured Homes Manufactured Homes |
| 7 | References References |
| 8 | I-P_A07_Ch02 I-P_A07_Ch02 General Criteria General Criteria Small Stores Small Stores Design Considerations Design Considerations |
| 9 | Discount, Big-Box, and Supercenter Stores Discount, Big-Box, and Supercenter Stores Load Determination Load Determination Design Considerations Design Considerations Supermarkets Supermarkets Load Determination Load Determination |
| 10 | Design Considerations Design Considerations |
| 12 | Department Stores Department Stores Load Determination Load Determination |
| 13 | Design Considerations Design Considerations Convenience Centers Convenience Centers Design Considerations Design Considerations Regional Shopping Centers Regional Shopping Centers |
| 14 | Design Considerations Design Considerations Multiple-Use Complexes Multiple-Use Complexes Load Determination Load Determination Design Considerations Design Considerations |
| 15 | I-P_A07_Ch03 I-P_A07_Ch03 General Criteria General Criteria Load Characteristics Load Characteristics |
| 18 | Design Concepts Design Concepts Design Criteria Design Criteria Dining and Entertainment Centers Dining and Entertainment Centers Load Characteristics Load Characteristics |
| 19 | Design Concepts Design Concepts Special Considerations Special Considerations |
| 20 | Office Buildings Office Buildings Load Characteristics Load Characteristics Design Concepts Design Concepts |
| 21 | Spatial Requirements Spatial Requirements |
| 22 | Special Considerations Special Considerations Bowling Centers Bowling Centers Load Characteristics Load Characteristics Design Concepts Design Concepts Special Considerations Special Considerations Communications Centers Communications Centers |
| 23 | Load Characteristics Load Characteristics Design Concepts Design Concepts Special Considerations Special Considerations Transportation Centers Transportation Centers Load Characteristics Load Characteristics |
| 24 | Design Concepts Design Concepts Special Considerations Special Considerations |
| 25 | Warehouses Warehouses Load Characteristics Load Characteristics Design Concepts Design Concepts Special Considerations Special Considerations Bibliography Bibliography |
| 26 | I-P_A07_Ch04 I-P_A07_Ch04 General Criteria General Criteria Safety and Security Safety and Security Outdoor Air Outdoor Air Lighting Loads Lighting Loads Indoor Air Conditions Indoor Air Conditions Filtration Filtration Noise and Vibration Control Noise and Vibration Control |
| 27 | Ancillary Facilities Ancillary Facilities Air Conditioning Air Conditioning Peak Load Reduction Peak Load Reduction Stratification Stratification Air Distribution Air Distribution |
| 28 | Mechanical Equipment Rooms Mechanical Equipment Rooms Houses of Worship Houses of Worship Auditoriums Auditoriums Movie Theaters Movie Theaters Performance Theaters Performance Theaters |
| 29 | Concert Halls Concert Halls Arenas and Stadiums Arenas and Stadiums Load Characteristics Load Characteristics Enclosed Stadiums Enclosed Stadiums Ancillary Spaces Ancillary Spaces |
| 30 | Ice Rinks Ice Rinks Gymnasiums Gymnasiums Convention and Exhibition Centers Convention and Exhibition Centers Load Characteristics Load Characteristics System Applicability System Applicability |
| 31 | Natatoriums Natatoriums Environmental Control Environmental Control Humidity Control Humidity Control Load Estimation Load Estimation Ventilation Requirements Ventilation Requirements |
| 32 | Duct Design Duct Design Envelope Design Envelope Design Pool Water Chemistry Pool Water Chemistry Energy Considerations Energy Considerations |
| 33 | Fairs and Other Temporary Exhibits Fairs and Other Temporary Exhibits Design Concepts Design Concepts Occupancy Occupancy Equipment and Maintenance Equipment and Maintenance Air Cleanliness Air Cleanliness System Applicability System Applicability Atriums Atriums |
| 34 | References References Bibliography Bibliography |
| 35 | I-P_A07_Ch05 I-P_A07_Ch05 Load Characteristics Load Characteristics Design Concepts and Criteria Design Concepts and Criteria Systems Systems Energy-Efficient Systems Energy-Efficient Systems |
| 36 | Energy-Neutral Systems Energy-Neutral Systems Energy-Inefficient Systems Energy-Inefficient Systems Total Energy Systems Total Energy Systems Special Considerations Special Considerations |
| 37 | Hotels and Motels Hotels and Motels Guest Rooms Guest Rooms |
| 40 | Public Areas Public Areas Back-of-the-House (BOTH) Areas Back-of-the-House (BOTH) Areas Special Concerns Special Concerns |
| 42 | Dormitories Dormitories Multiple-Use Complexes Multiple-Use Complexes References References Bibliography Bibliography |
| 43 | I-P_A07_Ch06 I-P_A07_Ch06 Preschools Preschools General Design Considerations General Design Considerations Design Criteria Design Criteria |
| 44 | Load Characteristics Load Characteristics Humidity Control Humidity Control Systems and Equipment Selection Systems and Equipment Selection Energy Considerations Energy Considerations |
| 45 | K-12 Schools K-12 Schools General and Design Considerations General and Design Considerations |
| 46 | Design Criteria Design Criteria Load Characteristics Load Characteristics |
| 47 | Humidity Control Humidity Control |
| 48 | Systems and Equipment Selection Systems and Equipment Selection |
| 51 | Energy Considerations Energy Considerations |
| 52 | Colleges and Universities Colleges and Universities General and Design Considerations General and Design Considerations |
| 54 | Energy Considerations Energy Considerations Seismic and Wind Restraint Considerations Seismic and Wind Restraint Considerations Commissioning Commissioning Sustainable Design Sustainable Design References References |
| 55 | Bibliography Bibliography |
| 56 | I-P_A07_Ch07 I-P_A07_Ch07 Air Conditioning in Disease Prevention and Treatment Air Conditioning in Disease Prevention and Treatment |
| 57 | Hospital Facilities Hospital Facilities Infection Sources and Control Measures Infection Sources and Control Measures Air Quality Air Quality |
| 58 | Air Movement Air Movement |
| 59 | Temperature and Humidity Temperature and Humidity Pressure Relationships and Ventilation Pressure Relationships and Ventilation |
| 60 | Smoke Control Smoke Control Specific Design Criteria Specific Design Criteria Surgery and Critical Care Surgery and Critical Care |
| 63 | Nursing Nursing |
| 64 | Ancillary Ancillary |
| 66 | Administration Administration Diagnostic and Treatment Diagnostic and Treatment Sterilizing and Supply Sterilizing and Supply Service Service |
| 67 | Continuity of Service and Energy Concepts Continuity of Service and Energy Concepts Zoning Zoning Heating and Hot-Water Standby Service Heating and Hot-Water Standby Service |
| 68 | Mechanical Cooling Mechanical Cooling Insulation Insulation Energy Energy Testing, Adjusting, and Balancing (TAB) Testing, Adjusting, and Balancing (TAB) Outpatient Health Care Facilities Outpatient Health Care Facilities Diagnostic Clinics Diagnostic Clinics Treatment Clinics Treatment Clinics |
| 69 | Design Criteria Design Criteria Continuity of Service and Energy Concepts Continuity of Service and Energy Concepts Nursing Facilities Nursing Facilities Design Concepts and Criteria Design Concepts and Criteria Applicability of Systems Applicability of Systems Dental Care Facilities Dental Care Facilities |
| 70 | References References |
| 71 | Bibliography Bibliography |
| 72 | I-P_A07_Ch08 I-P_A07_Ch08 Terminology Terminology General System Requirements General System Requirements |
| 73 | Energy Considerations Energy Considerations Heating and Cooling Plants and Mechanical Rooms Heating and Cooling Plants and Mechanical Rooms |
| 74 | Controls Controls Fire/Smoke Management Fire/Smoke Management Health Issues Health Issues Jails, Prisons, and Family Courts Jails, Prisons, and Family Courts HVAC Design Criteria HVAC Design Criteria System Requirements System Requirements |
| 75 | Dining Halls Dining Halls Kitchens Kitchens Guard Stations Guard Stations Control Rooms Control Rooms Laundries Laundries Courthouses Courthouses HVAC Design Criteria HVAC Design Criteria System Requirements System Requirements Courtrooms/Chambers Courtrooms/Chambers Jury Facilities Jury Facilities |
| 76 | Libraries Libraries Jail Cells and U.S. Marshal Spaces (24-h Spaces) Jail Cells and U.S. Marshal Spaces (24-h Spaces) Fitness Facilities Fitness Facilities Acoustic Performance Acoustic Performance Forensic Labs Forensic Labs HVAC Design Criteria HVAC Design Criteria System Requirements System Requirements |
| 77 | Intake Air Quality Intake Air Quality Firearms Laboratories Firearms Laboratories Acoustic Performance Acoustic Performance Critical Spaces Critical Spaces |
| 78 | Laboratory Information Management Systems (LIMS) Laboratory Information Management Systems (LIMS) Bibliography Bibliography |
| 79 | I-P_A07_Ch09 I-P_A07_Ch09 Automobiles Automobiles Design Factors Design Factors Thermal Comfort and Indoor Air Quality (IAQ) Thermal Comfort and Indoor Air Quality (IAQ) |
| 80 | Cooling Load Factors Cooling Load Factors Operational Environment of Components Operational Environment of Components Airborne Contaminants and Ventilation Airborne Contaminants and Ventilation |
| 81 | Power Consumption and Availability Power Consumption and Availability Physical Parameters, Access, and Durability Physical Parameters, Access, and Durability Noise and Vibration Noise and Vibration Vehicle Front-End Design Vehicle Front-End Design Air-Handling Subsystem Air-Handling Subsystem Air Delivery Modes Air Delivery Modes |
| 82 | Controls Controls Air-Handling Subsystem Components Air-Handling Subsystem Components |
| 85 | Heating Subsystem Heating Subsystem Controls Controls Components Components Refrigeration Subsystem Refrigeration Subsystem |
| 86 | Controls Controls Components Components |
| 90 | Advanced Technologies Advanced Technologies Mass Transit Mass Transit Ventilation and Thermal Comfort Ventilation and Thermal Comfort |
| 91 | Thermal Load Analysis Thermal Load Analysis Cooling Design Considerations Cooling Design Considerations Heating Design Considerations Heating Design Considerations Other Considerations Other Considerations Bus Air Conditioning Bus Air Conditioning |
| 92 | Heat Load Heat Load Air Distribution Air Distribution Interurban Buses Interurban Buses Urban Buses Urban Buses |
| 93 | Small or Shuttle Buses Small or Shuttle Buses Refrigerant Piping Refrigerant Piping Shock and Vibration Shock and Vibration System Safety System Safety Controls Controls Rail Car Air Conditioning Rail Car Air Conditioning Vehicle Types Vehicle Types |
| 94 | Equipment Design Considerations Equipment Design Considerations |
| 95 | Other Requirements Other Requirements Air Distribution and Ventilation Air Distribution and Ventilation Piping Design Piping Design Control Requirements Control Requirements |
| 96 | Fixed-Guideway Vehicle Air Conditioning Fixed-Guideway Vehicle Air Conditioning System Types System Types Refrigeration Components Refrigeration Components Heating Heating Controls Controls |
| 97 | Ventilation Ventilation Air Distribution Air Distribution References References |
| 98 | Bibliography Bibliography |
| 99 | I-P_A07_Ch10 I-P_A07_Ch10 Regulations Regulations Ventilation Ventilation Cabin Ozone Concentration Cabin Ozone Concentration |
| 100 | Pressurized Cabins Pressurized Cabins Equipment, Systems, and Installations Equipment, Systems, and Installations Pressurization and Pneumatic Systems Pressurization and Pneumatic Systems Equipment Containing High-Energy Rotors Equipment Containing High-Energy Rotors Design Conditions Design Conditions Ambient Temperature, Humidity, and Pressure Ambient Temperature, Humidity, and Pressure |
| 101 | ECS Performance ECS Performance |
| 102 | System Description System Description Pneumatic System Pneumatic System |
| 103 | Air Conditioning Air Conditioning |
| 104 | Cabin Pressure Control Cabin Pressure Control Typical Flight Typical Flight Engine Bleed Air Control Engine Bleed Air Control |
| 105 | Ozone Protection Ozone Protection Air-Conditioning and Temperature Control Air-Conditioning and Temperature Control Air Recirculation Air Recirculation Air Distribution Air Distribution |
| 106 | Cabin Pressure Control Cabin Pressure Control Air Quality Air Quality Airflow Airflow Environmental Tobacco Smoke (ETS) Environmental Tobacco Smoke (ETS) Ozone Ozone |
| 107 | Microbial Aerosols Microbial Aerosols Volatile Organic Compounds Volatile Organic Compounds Carbon Dioxide Carbon Dioxide Humidity Humidity Cabin Pressure/Oxygen Cabin Pressure/Oxygen |
| 108 | Multiple Factors Multiple Factors References References Bibliography Bibliography |
| 109 | I-P_A07_Ch11 I-P_A07_Ch11 Merchant Ships Merchant Ships Load Calculations Load Calculations |
| 110 | Equipment Equipment Face Velocity Limits, fpm Face Velocity Limits, fpm Typical Systems Typical Systems |
| 111 | Air Distribution Methods Air Distribution Methods Control Control Regulatory Agencies Regulatory Agencies Naval Surface Ships Naval Surface Ships Design Criteria Design Criteria Load Determination Load Determination |
| 112 | Equipment Selection Equipment Selection Typical Air Systems Typical Air Systems Air Distribution Methods Air Distribution Methods Control Control References References |
| 113 | Bibliography Bibliography |
| 114 | I-P_A07_Ch12 I-P_A07_Ch12 General Requirements General Requirements Process and Product Requirements Process and Product Requirements Rate of Chemical Reaction Rate of Chemical Reaction Rate of Crystallization Rate of Crystallization Rate of Biochemical Reaction Rate of Biochemical Reaction Product Accuracy and Uniformity Product Accuracy and Uniformity Product Formability Product Formability Moisture Regain Moisture Regain |
| 116 | Corrosion, Rust, and Abrasion Corrosion, Rust, and Abrasion |
| 117 | Air Cleanliness Air Cleanliness Static Electricity Static Electricity Employee Requirements Employee Requirements Thermal Control Levels Thermal Control Levels |
| 118 | Contamination Control Levels Contamination Control Levels Design Considerations Design Considerations Load Calculations Load Calculations Solar and Transmission Solar and Transmission |
| 119 | Internal Heat Generation Internal Heat Generation Stratification Effect Stratification Effect Makeup Air Makeup Air Fan Heat Fan Heat System and Equipment Selection System and Equipment Selection Heating Systems Heating Systems Floor Heating Floor Heating Unit and Ducted Heaters Unit and Ducted Heaters |
| 120 | Infrared Heaters Infrared Heaters Cooling Systems Cooling Systems Refrigerated Cooling Systems Refrigerated Cooling Systems Evaporative Cooling Systems Evaporative Cooling Systems Air Filtration Systems Air Filtration Systems Exhaust Air Filtration Systems Exhaust Air Filtration Systems |
| 121 | Contamination Control Contamination Control Exhaust Systems Exhaust Systems Operation and Maintenance Operation and Maintenance Heat Recovery and Energy Conservation Heat Recovery and Energy Conservation References References Bibliography Bibliography |
| 122 | I-P_A07_Ch13 I-P_A07_Ch13 Tunnels Tunnels Tunnel Ventilation Concepts Tunnel Ventilation Concepts Tunnel Ventilation Systems Tunnel Ventilation Systems Design Approach Design Approach |
| 124 | Tunnel Fires Tunnel Fires |
| 125 | Road Tunnels Road Tunnels |
| 131 | Rapid Transit Tunnels and Stations Rapid Transit Tunnels and Stations |
| 135 | Railroad Tunnels Railroad Tunnels |
| 138 | Parking Garages Parking Garages Ventilation Requirements and Design Ventilation Requirements and Design |
| 140 | Automotive Repair Facilities Automotive Repair Facilities |
| 141 | Bus Garages Bus Garages Maintenance and Repair Areas Maintenance and Repair Areas Servicing Areas Servicing Areas |
| 142 | Storage Areas Storage Areas Design Considerations and Equipment Selection Design Considerations and Equipment Selection Effects of Alternative Fuel Use Effects of Alternative Fuel Use |
| 143 | Bus Terminals Bus Terminals Platforms Platforms |
| 144 | Bus Operation Areas Bus Operation Areas Calculation of Ventilation Rate Calculation of Ventilation Rate |
| 145 | Tollbooths Tollbooths |
| 146 | Air Quality Criteria Air Quality Criteria Design Considerations Design Considerations Equipment Selection Equipment Selection Diesel Locomotive Facilities Diesel Locomotive Facilities |
| 147 | Ventilation Guidelines and Facility Types Ventilation Guidelines and Facility Types Contaminant Level Criteria Contaminant Level Criteria |
| 148 | Contaminant Emission Rate Contaminant Emission Rate Locomotive Operation Locomotive Operation Design Methods Design Methods |
| 152 | Equipment Equipment Fans Fans |
| 153 | Dampers Dampers |
| 156 | National and International Safety Standards and Guidelines National and International Safety Standards and Guidelines National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) |
| 157 | PIARC PIARC Country-Specific Standards and Guidelines Country-Specific Standards and Guidelines Building Codes Building Codes References References |
| 158 | Bibliography Bibliography |
| 160 | I-P_A07_Ch14 I-P_A07_Ch14 Laboratory Types Laboratory Types Laboratory Resource Materials Laboratory Resource Materials |
| 161 | Hazard Assessment Hazard Assessment Design Parameters Design Parameters Internal Thermal Considerations Internal Thermal Considerations |
| 162 | Architectural Considerations Architectural Considerations Laboratory Exhaust and Containment Devices Laboratory Exhaust and Containment Devices Fume Hoods Fume Hoods Types of Fume Hoods Types of Fume Hoods |
| 163 | Fume Hood Sash Configurations Fume Hood Sash Configurations Fume Hood Performance Fume Hood Performance |
| 164 | Face Velocity Test Face Velocity Test |
| 165 | Biological Safety Cabinets Biological Safety Cabinets |
| 166 | Class I Cabinets Class I Cabinets Class II Cabinets Class II Cabinets |
| 167 | Class III Cabinets Class III Cabinets Miscellaneous Exhaust Devices Miscellaneous Exhaust Devices Laminar Flow Clean Benches Laminar Flow Clean Benches Compressed Gas Storage and Ventilation Compressed Gas Storage and Ventilation Gas Cylinder Closets Gas Cylinder Closets Gas Cylinder Cabinets Gas Cylinder Cabinets Laboratory Ventilation Laboratory Ventilation |
| 168 | Usage Factor Usage Factor Noise Noise Supply Air Systems Supply Air Systems Filtration Filtration Air Distribution Air Distribution Exhaust Systems Exhaust Systems |
| 169 | Types of Exhaust Systems Types of Exhaust Systems Ductwork Leakage Ductwork Leakage Containment Device Leakage Containment Device Leakage Materials and Construction Materials and Construction |
| 170 | Fire Safety for Ventilation Systems Fire Safety for Ventilation Systems |
| 171 | Control Control Thermal Control Thermal Control Constant Air Volume (CAV) Versus Variable Air Volume (VAV) Room Airflow Control Constant Air Volume (CAV) Versus Variable Air Volume (VAV) Room Airflow Control Room Pressure Control Room Pressure Control |
| 172 | Fume Hood Control Fume Hood Control Stack Heights and Air Intakes Stack Heights and Air Intakes Stack/Intake Separation Stack/Intake Separation Stack Height Stack Height Stack Height plus Momentum Stack Height plus Momentum Architectural Screens Architectural Screens Criteria for Suitable Dilution Criteria for Suitable Dilution |
| 173 | Adjacent Building Effects Adjacent Building Effects Applications Applications Laboratory Animal Facilities Laboratory Animal Facilities Primary Uses of Animal Housing Facilities Primary Uses of Animal Housing Facilities Regulatory Environment Regulatory Environment |
| 174 | Temperature and Humidity Temperature and Humidity Ventilation Ventilation Animal Heat Production Animal Heat Production Design Considerations Design Considerations |
| 175 | Caging Systems Caging Systems Ancillary Spaces For Animal Laboratories Ancillary Spaces For Animal Laboratories Containment Laboratories Containment Laboratories |
| 176 | Biosafety Level 1 Biosafety Level 1 Biosafety Level 2 Biosafety Level 2 Biosafety Level 3 Biosafety Level 3 Biosafety Level 4 Biosafety Level 4 Scale-Up Laboratories Scale-Up Laboratories |
| 177 | Teaching Laboratories Teaching Laboratories Clinical Laboratories Clinical Laboratories Radiochemistry Laboratories Radiochemistry Laboratories Operation and Maintenance Operation and Maintenance Energy Energy |
| 178 | Energy Efficiency Energy Efficiency Energy Recovery Energy Recovery Commissioning Commissioning Economics Economics |
| 179 | References References Bibliography Bibliography |
| 182 | I-P_A07_Ch15 I-P_A07_Ch15 Engine Heat Release Engine Heat Release Engine Exhaust Engine Exhaust |
| 183 | Internal Combustion Engine Test Cells Internal Combustion Engine Test Cells Test Cell Exhaust Test Cell Exhaust Test Cell Supply Test Cell Supply |
| 184 | Gas-Turbine Test Cells Gas-Turbine Test Cells Chassis Dynamometer Rooms Chassis Dynamometer Rooms |
| 185 | Ventilation Ventilation Combustion Air Supply Combustion Air Supply Cooling Water Systems Cooling Water Systems Noise Noise Bibliography Bibliography |
| 186 | I-P_A07_Ch16 I-P_A07_Ch16 Terminology Terminology |
| 187 | Clean Spaces and Cleanroom Applications Clean Spaces and Cleanroom Applications |
| 188 | Airborne Particles and Particle Control Airborne Particles and Particle Control Particle Sources in Clean Spaces Particle Sources in Clean Spaces Fibrous Air Filters Fibrous Air Filters Air Pattern Control Air Pattern Control Nonunidirectional Airflow Nonunidirectional Airflow |
| 189 | Unidirectional Airflow Unidirectional Airflow Computer-Aided Flow Modeling Computer-Aided Flow Modeling |
| 190 | Airflow Direction Control Among Rooms Airflow Direction Control Among Rooms Room Pressurization Room Pressurization |
| 191 | Multiple-Room (Suite) Pressurization Multiple-Room (Suite) Pressurization Testing Clean Air and Clean Spaces Testing Clean Air and Clean Spaces Pharmaceutical and Biomanufacturing Clean Spaces Pharmaceutical and Biomanufacturing Clean Spaces |
| 192 | Design Concerns for Pharmaceutical Cleanrooms Design Concerns for Pharmaceutical Cleanrooms |
| 194 | Barrier Technology Barrier Technology Maintainability Maintainability Controls, Monitors, and Alarms Controls, Monitors, and Alarms Noise Concerns Noise Concerns Nonaseptic Products Nonaseptic Products Start-Up and Qualification of Pharmaceutical Cleanrooms Start-Up and Qualification of Pharmaceutical Cleanrooms Qualification of HVAC for Aseptic Pharmaceutical Manufacturing Qualification of HVAC for Aseptic Pharmaceutical Manufacturing |
| 195 | Qualification Plan and Acceptance Criteria Qualification Plan and Acceptance Criteria Semiconductor Cleanrooms Semiconductor Cleanrooms Cleanroom Advances with Modern Process Technology Cleanroom Advances with Modern Process Technology |
| 196 | Semiconductor Cleanroom Configuration Semiconductor Cleanroom Configuration Airflow in Semiconductor Cleanrooms Airflow in Semiconductor Cleanrooms |
| 197 | Cleanroom Air Velocity and Air Changes Cleanroom Air Velocity and Air Changes |
| 198 | High-Bay Cleanrooms High-Bay Cleanrooms Downflow and Horizontal-Flow Designs Downflow and Horizontal-Flow Designs Air Handling Air Handling Equipment and Filter Access Equipment and Filter Access Prefilter Selection Prefilter Selection |
| 199 | Design Criteria and Indoor Air Quality Design Criteria and Indoor Air Quality Environmental Systems Environmental Systems Cooling Loads and Cooling Methods Cooling Loads and Cooling Methods Makeup Air Makeup Air Process Exhaust Process Exhaust Fire Safety for Exhaust Fire Safety for Exhaust Temperature and Humidity Temperature and Humidity |
| 200 | Pressurization Pressurization Sizing and Redundancy Sizing and Redundancy |
| 201 | Energy Conservation in Cleanrooms Energy Conservation in Cleanrooms Cleanrooms and Resource Use: Opportunities to Improve Sustainability Cleanrooms and Resource Use: Opportunities to Improve Sustainability |
| 202 | Noise and Vibration Control Noise and Vibration Control Room Construction and Operation Room Construction and Operation Construction Finishes Construction Finishes Personnel and Garments Personnel and Garments Materials and Equipment Materials and Equipment Particulate Producing Operations Particulate Producing Operations Entries Entries Integration of Cleanroom Design and Construction Integration of Cleanroom Design and Construction |
| 203 | Bibliography Bibliography |
| 205 | I-P_A07_Ch17 I-P_A07_Ch17 Design Criteria Design Criteria Overview Overview Environmental Specifications Environmental Specifications |
| 207 | Temperature Temperature Temperature Rate of Change Temperature Rate of Change Humidity Humidity Filtration and Contamination Filtration and Contamination |
| 208 | Ventilation Ventilation Envelope Considerations Envelope Considerations Human Comfort Human Comfort Flexibility Flexibility Acoustics Acoustics Vibration Isolation and Seismic Restraint Vibration Isolation and Seismic Restraint HVAC Load Considerations HVAC Load Considerations |
| 209 | Datacom Equipment Datacom Equipment Load Considerations and Challenges Load Considerations and Challenges Ventilation and Infiltration Ventilation and Infiltration Electrical Equipment Electrical Equipment |
| 210 | Lights Lights People People Building Envelope Building Envelope Heating and Reheat Heating and Reheat Humidification Humidification High-Density Loads High-Density Loads HVAC Systems and Components HVAC Systems and Components Computer Room Air-Conditioning (CRAC) Units Computer Room Air-Conditioning (CRAC) Units |
| 211 | Central-Station Air-Handling Units Central-Station Air-Handling Units Chilled-Water Distribution Systems Chilled-Water Distribution Systems |
| 212 | Condenser Systems Condenser Systems Air-Conditioning Systems Air-Conditioning Systems Chillers Chillers Pumps Pumps Piping Piping Humidifiers Humidifiers Controls and Monitoring Controls and Monitoring |
| 213 | Air Distribution Air Distribution Equipment Placement and Airflow Patterns Equipment Placement and Airflow Patterns |
| 215 | Underfloor Plenum Supply Underfloor Plenum Supply |
| 216 | Overhead and Ceiling Plenum Supply Overhead and Ceiling Plenum Supply Return Air Return Air Computational Fluid Dynamics Simulation Computational Fluid Dynamics Simulation |
| 217 | Ancillary Spaces Ancillary Spaces Electrical Power Distribution and Conditioning Rooms Electrical Power Distribution and Conditioning Rooms Battery Rooms Battery Rooms Engine/Generator Rooms Engine/Generator Rooms Burn-In Rooms and Test Labs Burn-In Rooms and Test Labs Datacom Equipment Spare Parts Datacom Equipment Spare Parts Storage Spaces Storage Spaces |
| 218 | Other Systems and Considerations Other Systems and Considerations Fire Suppression Fire Suppression Commissioning Commissioning Serviceability Serviceability Availability and Redundancy Availability and Redundancy |
| 219 | Energy Conservation Energy Conservation References References Codes, Standards, and Guidelines Codes, Standards, and Guidelines |
| 220 | Other Publications Other Publications Bibliography Bibliography |
| 221 | I-P_A07_Ch18 I-P_A07_Ch18 Design Criteria Design Criteria Special Considerations Special Considerations |
| 222 | Control of Paper Moisture Content Control of Paper Moisture Content Platemaking Platemaking Relief Printing Relief Printing |
| 223 | Lithography Lithography Recommended Environment Recommended Environment Air Conditioning Air Conditioning |
| 224 | Rotogravure Rotogravure Other Plant Functions Other Plant Functions Flexography Flexography Collotype Printing Collotype Printing Salvage Salvage Air Filtration Air Filtration Binding and Shipping Binding and Shipping |
| 225 | References References |
| 226 | I-P_A07_Ch19 I-P_A07_Ch19 Terminology Terminology Fiber Making Fiber Making |
| 227 | Yarn Making Yarn Making Cotton System Cotton System |
| 228 | Woolen and Worsted Systems Woolen and Worsted Systems Twisting Filaments and Yarns Twisting Filaments and Yarns Fabric Making Fabric Making Preparatory Processes Preparatory Processes Weaving Weaving |
| 229 | Knitting Knitting Dyeing and Finishing Dyeing and Finishing Air-Conditioning Design Air-Conditioning Design Open Sump Chilled Water Systems Open Sump Chilled Water Systems Integrated Systems Integrated Systems |
| 230 | Collector Systems Collector Systems |
| 231 | Air Distribution Air Distribution |
| 232 | Health Considerations Health Considerations Safety and Fire Protection Safety and Fire Protection Energy Conservation Energy Conservation Bibliography Bibliography |
| 233 | I-P_A07_Ch20 I-P_A07_Ch20 Storing Unprocessed Photographic Materials Storing Unprocessed Photographic Materials Processing and Printing Photographic Materials Processing and Printing Photographic Materials Air Conditioning for Preparatory Operations Air Conditioning for Preparatory Operations Air Conditioning for Processing Operations Air Conditioning for Processing Operations |
| 234 | Air Conditioning for the Printing/ Finishing Operation Air Conditioning for the Printing/ Finishing Operation Particulates in Air Particulates in Air |
| 235 | Other Exhaust Requirements Other Exhaust Requirements Processing Temperature Control Processing Temperature Control Storing Processed Film and Paper Storing Processed Film and Paper Film Longevity Film Longevity Medium-Term Storage Medium-Term Storage Long-Term Storage Long-Term Storage |
| 236 | Storage of Cellulose Nitrate Base Film Storage of Cellulose Nitrate Base Film Storage of Color Film and Prints Storage of Color Film and Prints Storage of Black-and-White Prints Storage of Black-and-White Prints Storage of Digital Images Storage of Digital Images References References |
| 237 | Bibliography Bibliography |
| 238 | I-P_A07_Ch21 I-P_A07_Ch21 General Factors Influencing Damage General Factors Influencing Damage |
| 239 | Environmental Effects on Collections Environmental Effects on Collections Determining Performance Targets Determining Performance Targets Temperature and Humidity Temperature and Humidity |
| 241 | Critical Relative Humidity Critical Relative Humidity |
| 242 | Response Times of Artifacts Response Times of Artifacts Airborne Pollutants Airborne Pollutants Sources of Airborne Pollutants Sources of Airborne Pollutants |
| 248 | Materials Damage Caused by Airborne Pollutants Materials Damage Caused by Airborne Pollutants |
| 249 | Design Parameters Design Parameters Performance Target Specifications Performance Target Specifications Temperature and Relative Humidity Temperature and Relative Humidity Building Envelope Issues Building Envelope Issues Airborne Pollutant Targets Airborne Pollutant Targets |
| 251 | System Selection and Design System Selection and Design Design Issues Design Issues |
| 253 | Notes for Table 5 Notes for Table 5 Primary Elements and Features Primary Elements and Features |
| 255 | Filtration Filtration Types of Systems Types of Systems |
| 256 | Energy and Operating Costs Energy and Operating Costs |
| 257 | References References |
| 260 | Bibliography Bibliography |
| 261 | I-P_A07_Ch22 I-P_A07_Ch22 Design for Animal Environments Design for Animal Environments Design Approach Design Approach Temperature Control Temperature Control |
| 262 | Moisture Control Moisture Control Air Quality Control Air Quality Control |
| 263 | Disease Control Disease Control Air Distribution Air Distribution Degree of Shelter Degree of Shelter |
| 264 | Cooling and Heating Cooling and Heating Air Velocity Air Velocity Evaporative Cooling Evaporative Cooling Mechanical Refrigeration Mechanical Refrigeration Earth Tubes Earth Tubes Heat Exchangers Heat Exchangers Supplemental Heating Supplemental Heating Insulation Requirements Insulation Requirements |
| 265 | Ventilation Ventilation Mechanical Ventilation Mechanical Ventilation Natural Ventilation Natural Ventilation Ventilation Management Ventilation Management Air Distribution Air Distribution |
| 266 | Fans Fans |
| 267 | Thermostats Thermostats Emergency Warning Emergency Warning Recommended Practices by Species Recommended Practices by Species Dairy Cattle Dairy Cattle Ventilation Rates for Each 1100 lb Cow Ventilation Rates for Each 1100 lb Cow Beef Cattle Beef Cattle Swine Swine |
| 268 | Poultry Poultry |
| 269 | Laboratory Animals Laboratory Animals |
| 270 | Design for Plant Facilities Design for Plant Facilities Greenhouses Greenhouses Site Selection Site Selection |
| 271 | Heating Heating |
| 272 | Cooling Cooling |
| 274 | Other Environmental Controls Other Environmental Controls |
| 275 | Design Conditions Design Conditions Alternative Energy Sources and Energy Conservation Alternative Energy Sources and Energy Conservation Modifications to Reduce Heat Loss Modifications to Reduce Heat Loss |
| 276 | Plant Growth Environmental Facilities Plant Growth Environmental Facilities Location Location Construction and Materials Construction and Materials Floors and Drains Floors and Drains Plant Benches Plant Benches |
| 277 | Control Control Heating, Air Conditioning, and Airflow Heating, Air Conditioning, and Airflow Lighting Environmental Chambers Lighting Environmental Chambers |
| 278 | Phytotrons Phytotrons |
| 281 | Other Plant Environmental Facilities Other Plant Environmental Facilities References References |
| 282 | Bibliography Bibliography |
| 285 | I-P_A07_Ch23 I-P_A07_Ch23 Grain Quantity Grain Quantity |
| 286 | Economics Economics Drying Equipment and Practices Drying Equipment and Practices Fans Fans |
| 287 | Heaters Heaters Controls Controls Shallow-Layer Drying Shallow-Layer Drying Batch Dryers Batch Dryers Continuous-Flow Dryers Continuous-Flow Dryers Reducing Energy Costs Reducing Energy Costs |
| 288 | Deep-Bed Drying Deep-Bed Drying |
| 289 | Full-Bin Drying Full-Bin Drying |
| 290 | Layer Drying Layer Drying Batch-in-Bin Drying Batch-in-Bin Drying Recirculating/Continuous-Flow Bin Drying Recirculating/Continuous-Flow Bin Drying |
| 291 | Drying Specific Crops Drying Specific Crops Soybeans Soybeans Drying Soybeans for Commercial Use Drying Soybeans for Commercial Use Drying Soybeans for Seed and Food Drying Soybeans for Seed and Food Hay Hay |
| 292 | In-Storage Drying In-Storage Drying Batch Wagon Drying Batch Wagon Drying Cotton Cotton Peanuts Peanuts |
| 293 | Rice Rice Storage Problems and Practices Storage Problems and Practices Moisture Migration Moisture Migration Grain Aeration Grain Aeration Aeration Systems Design Aeration Systems Design |
| 295 | Operating Aeration Systems Operating Aeration Systems Seed Storage Seed Storage Bibliography Bibliography |
| 297 | I-P_A07_Ch24 I-P_A07_Ch24 General Wood Product Operations General Wood Product Operations Process Area Air Conditioning Process Area Air Conditioning |
| 298 | Finished Product Storage Finished Product Storage Pulp and Paper Operations Pulp and Paper Operations Paper Machine Area Paper Machine Area |
| 299 | Finishing Area Finishing Area Process and Motor Control Rooms Process and Motor Control Rooms Paper Testing Laboratories Paper Testing Laboratories |
| 300 | Miscellaneous Areas Miscellaneous Areas System Selection System Selection Bibliography Bibliography |
| 301 | I-P_A07_Ch25 I-P_A07_Ch25 General Design Criteria General Design Criteria Temperature and Humidity Temperature and Humidity |
| 302 | Ventilation Rates Ventilation Rates |
| 303 | Infiltration and Exfiltration Infiltration and Exfiltration Filtration and Space Cleanliness Filtration and Space Cleanliness Redundancy Redundancy Noise Noise Ventilation Approach Ventilation Approach |
| 304 | Applications Applications Driving Forces Driving Forces Air Distribution Air Distribution Inlet and Exhaust Areas Inlet and Exhaust Areas Noise Noise Impact on Plant Cleanliness Impact on Plant Cleanliness Economics Economics Steam Generator Buildings: Industrial and Power Facilities Steam Generator Buildings: Industrial and Power Facilities Burner Areas Burner Areas |
| 305 | Steam Drum Instrumentation Area Steam Drum Instrumentation Area Local Control and Instrumentation Areas Local Control and Instrumentation Areas |
| 306 | Coal- and Ash-Handling Areas Coal- and Ash-Handling Areas Stack Effect Stack Effect |
| 307 | Sources of Combustion Air Sources of Combustion Air Turbine Generator Building Turbine Generator Building Local Control and Instrumentation Areas Local Control and Instrumentation Areas Deaerator Mezzanine Deaerator Mezzanine Bridge Crane Operating Rooms Bridge Crane Operating Rooms |
| 308 | Suboperating Level Suboperating Level Electric Transformer Rooms Electric Transformer Rooms Plant Electrical Distribution Equipment and Switchgear/MCC Rooms Plant Electrical Distribution Equipment and Switchgear/MCC Rooms Isophase Bus Duct Cooling Isophase Bus Duct Cooling Combustion Turbine Areas Combustion Turbine Areas |
| 309 | Main Control Center Main Control Center Control Rooms Control Rooms Battery Rooms Battery Rooms Turbine Lubricating Oil Storage Turbine Lubricating Oil Storage Oil Storage and Pump Buildings Oil Storage and Pump Buildings Coal Crusher and Coal Transportation System Buildings Coal Crusher and Coal Transportation System Buildings Potential for Dust Ignition Explosion Potential for Dust Ignition Explosion Ventilation of Conveyor and Crusher Motors in Coal Dust Environment Ventilation of Conveyor and Crusher Motors in Coal Dust Environment Cooling or Ventilation of Electrical and Control Equipment Cooling or Ventilation of Electrical and Control Equipment Ventilation of Methane Fumes Ventilation of Methane Fumes |
| 310 | Underground Tunnels and Conveyors Underground Tunnels and Conveyors Makeup of Dust Collection Air Makeup of Dust Collection Air Heating/Cooling Systems Heating/Cooling Systems Cooling Cooling Heating Heating Hydroelectric Power Plants Hydroelectric Power Plants |
| 311 | Energy Recovery Energy Recovery References References Bibliography Bibliography |
| 312 | I-P_A07_Ch26 I-P_A07_Ch26 Basic Technology Basic Technology As Low as Reasonably Achievable (ALARA) As Low as Reasonably Achievable (ALARA) Design Design Normal or Power Design Basis Normal or Power Design Basis Safety Design Basis Safety Design Basis |
| 313 | Outdoor Conditions Outdoor Conditions Indoor Conditions Indoor Conditions Indoor Pressures Indoor Pressures Airborne Radioactivity Airborne Radioactivity Tornado/Missile Protection Tornado/Missile Protection Fire Protection Fire Protection |
| 314 | Smoke Management Smoke Management Control Room Habitability Zone Control Room Habitability Zone Air Filtration Air Filtration Department of Energy Facilities Department of Energy Facilities |
| 315 | Confinement Systems Confinement Systems Zoning Zoning Air Locks Air Locks Zone Pressure Control Zone Pressure Control Cascade Ventilation Cascade Ventilation Differential Pressures Differential Pressures Ventilation Ventilation |
| 316 | Ventilation Requirements Ventilation Requirements Ventilation Systems Ventilation Systems Control Systems Control Systems Air and Gaseous Effluents Containing Radioactivity Air and Gaseous Effluents Containing Radioactivity Commercial Facilities Commercial Facilities Nuclear Power Plants Nuclear Power Plants |
| 317 | Accident Scenarios Accident Scenarios Major NSSS Types Major NSSS Types Russian Reactor Types Russian Reactor Types Commercial Plant License Renewal and Power Uprate Commercial Plant License Renewal and Power Uprate Advanced Reactor Systems: New Power Generation Plants Advanced Reactor Systems: New Power Generation Plants |
| 318 | Plant HVAC&R Systems Plant HVAC&R Systems Pressurized Water Reactors Pressurized Water Reactors Reactor Containment Building Reactor Containment Building Boiling Water Reactors Boiling Water Reactors Primary Containment Primary Containment Reactor Building Reactor Building |
| 319 | Turbine Building Turbine Building Heavy Water Reactors Heavy Water Reactors Containment Inlet Air-Conditioning/Exhaust Ventilation System Containment Inlet Air-Conditioning/Exhaust Ventilation System Areas Outside Primary Containment Areas Outside Primary Containment Auxiliary Building Auxiliary Building Control Room Control Room |
| 320 | Control Cable Spreading Rooms Control Cable Spreading Rooms Diesel Generator Building Diesel Generator Building Emergency Electrical Switchgear Rooms Emergency Electrical Switchgear Rooms Battery Rooms Battery Rooms Fuel-Handling Building Fuel-Handling Building Personnel Facilities Personnel Facilities Pumphouses Pumphouses Radioactive Waste Building Radioactive Waste Building Technical Support Center Technical Support Center Gas-Cooled Reactor HVAC Systems Gas-Cooled Reactor HVAC Systems Nonpower Medical and Research Reactors Nonpower Medical and Research Reactors Laboratories Laboratories Glove Boxes Glove Boxes |
| 321 | Laboratory Fume Hoods Laboratory Fume Hoods Radiobenches Radiobenches Decommissioning of Nuclear Facilities Decommissioning of Nuclear Facilities Low-Level Radioactive Waste Low-Level Radioactive Waste Waste Handling Facilities Waste Handling Facilities Reprocessing Plants Reprocessing Plants Codes and Standards Codes and Standards |
| 323 | I-P_A07_Ch27 I-P_A07_Ch27 Definitions Definitions |
| 324 | Sources of Heat Entering Mine Air Sources of Heat Entering Mine Air Adiabatic Compression Adiabatic Compression Electromechanical Equipment Electromechanical Equipment Groundwater Groundwater Wall Rock Heat Flow Wall Rock Heat Flow |
| 326 | Heat from Broken Rock Heat from Broken Rock Heat from Other Sources Heat from Other Sources Summation of Mine Heat Loads Summation of Mine Heat Loads Heat Exchangers Heat Exchangers Shell-and-Tube and Plate Heat Exchangers Shell-and-Tube and Plate Heat Exchangers Cooling Coils Cooling Coils Small Spray Chambers Small Spray Chambers |
| 327 | Cooling Towers Cooling Towers |
| 329 | Large Spray Chambers (Bulk Air Coolers) Large Spray Chambers (Bulk Air Coolers) Mine Cooling Techniques Mine Cooling Techniques Increasing Airflows Increasing Airflows Chilling Service Water Chilling Service Water Reducing Water Pressure and Energy Recovery Systems Reducing Water Pressure and Energy Recovery Systems |
| 330 | Bulk Cooling Versus Spot Cooling Bulk Cooling Versus Spot Cooling Combination (Integrated) Surface Systems Combination (Integrated) Surface Systems Underground Refrigeration Underground Refrigeration Ice Plants Ice Plants Thermal Storage Thermal Storage Controlled Recirculation Controlled Recirculation |
| 331 | Cabs and Vests Cabs and Vests Other Methods Other Methods Selecting a Mine Cooling Method Selecting a Mine Cooling Method Mechanical Refrigeration Plants Mechanical Refrigeration Plants Surface Plants Surface Plants |
| 332 | Underground Plants Underground Plants Spot Coolers Spot Coolers Maintenance Maintenance Mine Air Heating Mine Air Heating |
| 333 | Mine Ventilation Mine Ventilation Determining Airflows Determining Airflows Planning the Circuit Planning the Circuit |
| 334 | Specifying Circuit Fans Specifying Circuit Fans Determining Auxiliary System Requirements Determining Auxiliary System Requirements |
| 335 | Assessing Health and Safety Assessing Health and Safety References References |
| 336 | I-P_A07_Ch28 I-P_A07_Ch28 Mechanism of Drying Mechanism of Drying Applying Hygrometry to Drying Applying Hygrometry to Drying Determining Drying Time Determining Drying Time |
| 337 | Commercial Drying Time Commercial Drying Time Dryer Calculations Dryer Calculations |
| 338 | Drying System Selection Drying System Selection Types of Drying Systems Types of Drying Systems Radiant Infrared Drying Radiant Infrared Drying Ultraviolet Radiation Drying Ultraviolet Radiation Drying Conduction Drying Conduction Drying |
| 339 | Dielectric Drying Dielectric Drying Microwave Drying Microwave Drying Convection Drying (Direct Dryers) Convection Drying (Direct Dryers) |
| 341 | Freeze Drying Freeze Drying Vacuum Drying Vacuum Drying Fluidized-Bed Drying Fluidized-Bed Drying Agitated-Bed Drying Agitated-Bed Drying Drying in Superheated Vapor Atmospheres Drying in Superheated Vapor Atmospheres Flash Drying Flash Drying Constant-Moisture Solvent Drying Constant-Moisture Solvent Drying |
| 342 | References References |
| 343 | I-P_A07_Ch29 I-P_A07_Ch29 Ventilation Design Principles Ventilation Design Principles General Ventilation General Ventilation |
| 344 | Makeup Air Makeup Air General Comfort and Dilution Ventilation General Comfort and Dilution Ventilation Quantity of Supplied Air Quantity of Supplied Air Air Supply Methods Air Supply Methods |
| 345 | Local Area and Spot Cooling Local Area and Spot Cooling Locker Room, Toilet, and Shower Space Ventilation Locker Room, Toilet, and Shower Space Ventilation Roof Ventilators Roof Ventilators |
| 346 | Heat Control Heat Control Ventilation for Heat Relief Ventilation for Heat Relief Heat Stress-Thermal Standards Heat Stress-Thermal Standards |
| 347 | Heat Exposure Control Heat Exposure Control |
| 348 | Energy Conservation and Recovery Energy Conservation and Recovery References References |
| 349 | Bibliography Bibliography |
| 350 | I-P_A07_Ch30 I-P_A07_Ch30 Local Exhaust Versus General Ventilation Local Exhaust Versus General Ventilation Local Exhaust Fundamentals Local Exhaust Fundamentals System Components System Components System Classification System Classification |
| 351 | Effectiveness of Local Exhaust Effectiveness of Local Exhaust |
| 352 | Principles of Hood Design Optimization Principles of Hood Design Optimization Air Movement in Vicinity of Local Exhaust Air Movement in Vicinity of Local Exhaust Pressure Loss in Hoods and Ducts Pressure Loss in Hoods and Ducts |
| 354 | Overhead Hoods Overhead Hoods Sidedraft Hoods Sidedraft Hoods Other Local Exhaust System Components Other Local Exhaust System Components Duct Design and Construction Duct Design and Construction |
| 356 | Air Cleaners Air Cleaners Air-Moving Devices Air-Moving Devices Energy Recovery Energy Recovery Exhaust Stacks Exhaust Stacks |
| 357 | Instrumentation and Controls Instrumentation and Controls Operation Operation System Testing and Balancing System Testing and Balancing Operation and Maintenance Operation and Maintenance References References Bibliography Bibliography |
| 359 | I-P_A07_Ch31 I-P_A07_Ch31 Cooking Effluent Cooking Effluent Effluent Generation Effluent Generation |
| 360 | Thermal Plume Behavior Thermal Plume Behavior Exhaust Hoods Exhaust Hoods |
| 361 | Hood Types Hood Types Type I Hoods Type I Hoods |
| 363 | Appliance Positioning and Diversity Appliance Positioning and Diversity |
| 366 | Type II Hoods Type II Hoods |
| 367 | Recirculating Hoods Recirculating Hoods Exhaust Systems Exhaust Systems Effluent Control Effluent Control Grease Extraction Grease Extraction |
| 370 | Duct Systems Duct Systems Types of Exhaust Fans Types of Exhaust Fans |
| 371 | Exhaust Terminations Exhaust Terminations Replacement (Makeup) Air Systems Replacement (Makeup) Air Systems Indoor Air Quality Indoor Air Quality |
| 372 | Replacement Air Introduction Replacement Air Introduction Replacement Air Categories Replacement Air Categories |
| 373 | Air Distribution Air Distribution |
| 376 | System Integration and Balancing System Integration and Balancing Principles Principles |
| 377 | Air Balancing Air Balancing |
| 378 | Multiple-Hood Systems Multiple-Hood Systems Dynamic Volumetric Flow Rate Effects Dynamic Volumetric Flow Rate Effects |
| 379 | Energy Considerations Energy Considerations Energy Conservation Measures Energy Conservation Measures |
| 380 | Fire Protection Fire Protection Fire Suppression Fire Suppression |
| 382 | Preventing Fire Spread Preventing Fire Spread |
| 383 | Operation and Maintenance Operation and Maintenance Operation Operation |
| 384 | Maintenance Maintenance Cooking Equipment Cooking Equipment Exhaust Systems Exhaust Systems Supply, Replacement, and Return Air Systems Supply, Replacement, and Return Air Systems |
| 385 | Control Systems (Operation and Safety) Control Systems (Operation and Safety) Residential Kitchen Ventilation Residential Kitchen Ventilation Equipment and Processes Equipment and Processes Hoods and Other Ventilation Equipment Hoods and Other Ventilation Equipment |
| 386 | Differences Between Commercial and Residential Equipment Differences Between Commercial and Residential Equipment Exhaust Duct Systems Exhaust Duct Systems Replacement (Makeup) Air Replacement (Makeup) Air Energy Conservation Energy Conservation Fire Protection for Residential Hoods Fire Protection for Residential Hoods Maintenance Maintenance References References |
| 387 | Bibliography Bibliography |
| 389 | I-P_A07_Ch32 I-P_A07_Ch32 Resources Resources Temperature Temperature |
| 390 | Fluids Fluids Present Use Present Use |
| 391 | Direct-Use Systems Design Direct-Use Systems Design Cost Factors Cost Factors Well Depth Well Depth Distance Between Resource Location and Application Site Distance Between Resource Location and Application Site Well Flow Rate Well Flow Rate Resource Temperature Resource Temperature Temperature Drop Temperature Drop Load Factor Load Factor Composition of Fluid Composition of Fluid |
| 392 | Ease of Disposal Ease of Disposal Direct-Use Water Quality Testing Direct-Use Water Quality Testing |
| 393 | Materials and Equipment Materials and Equipment Performance of Materials Performance of Materials |
| 394 | Pumps Pumps Heat Exchangers Heat Exchangers |
| 395 | Valves Valves Piping Piping |
| 396 | Residential and Commercial Building Applications Residential and Commercial Building Applications Space Heating Space Heating |
| 397 | Domestic Water Heating Domestic Water Heating Space Cooling Space Cooling Industrial Applications Industrial Applications Ground-Source Heat Pumps Ground-Source Heat Pumps |
| 398 | Terminology Terminology Ground-Coupled Heat Pump Systems Ground-Coupled Heat Pump Systems |
| 399 | Groundwater Heat Pump Systems Groundwater Heat Pump Systems Surface Water Heat Pump Systems Surface Water Heat Pump Systems |
| 400 | Site Characterization Site Characterization Commissioning GSHP Systems Commissioning GSHP Systems Ground-Coupled Heat Pumps Ground-Coupled Heat Pumps Vertical Design Vertical Design |
| 406 | Pump and Piping System Options Pump and Piping System Options Horizontal and Small Vertical System Design Horizontal and Small Vertical System Design |
| 410 | Fluid Flow and Loop Circuiting Fluid Flow and Loop Circuiting |
| 411 | Groundwater Heat Pumps Groundwater Heat Pumps Design Strategy Design Strategy |
| 412 | Water Wells Water Wells Flow Testing Flow Testing |
| 413 | Groundwater Quality Groundwater Quality Well Pumps Well Pumps |
| 414 | Heat Exchangers Heat Exchangers Central Plant Systems Central Plant Systems Standing-Column Systems Standing-Column Systems |
| 415 | Surface Water Heat Pumps Surface Water Heat Pumps Heat Transfer in Lakes Heat Transfer in Lakes Thermal Patterns in Lakes Thermal Patterns in Lakes |
| 416 | Closed-Loop Lake Water Heat Pump Closed-Loop Lake Water Heat Pump Antifreeze Requirements Antifreeze Requirements |
| 417 | References References |
| 418 | Bibliography Bibliography |
| 419 | I-P_A07_Ch33 I-P_A07_Ch33 Quality and Quantity of Solar Energy Quality and Quantity of Solar Energy Solar Constant Solar Constant Solar Angles Solar Angles Solar Time Solar Time |
| 421 | Incident Angle Incident Angle Solar Spectrum Solar Spectrum Solar Radiation at the Earth’s Surface Solar Radiation at the Earth’s Surface |
| 422 | Design Values of Total Solar Irradiation Design Values of Total Solar Irradiation |
| 423 | Solar Energy for Flat-Plate Collectors Solar Energy for Flat-Plate Collectors Longwave Atmospheric Radiation Longwave Atmospheric Radiation |
| 424 | Solar Energy Collection Solar Energy Collection Solar Heat Collection by Flat-Plate Collectors Solar Heat Collection by Flat-Plate Collectors |
| 425 | Glazing Materials Glazing Materials |
| 426 | Collector Plates Collector Plates Concentrating Collectors Concentrating Collectors |
| 427 | Collector Performance Collector Performance |
| 429 | Components Components |
| 431 | Water Heating Water Heating Thermosiphon Systems Thermosiphon Systems |
| 432 | Direct-Circulation Systems Direct-Circulation Systems Indirect Water-Heating Systems Indirect Water-Heating Systems |
| 433 | Integral Collector Storage Systems Integral Collector Storage Systems Site-Built Systems Site-Built Systems Pool Heaters Pool Heaters Hot-Water Recirculation Hot-Water Recirculation |
| 434 | Solar Heating and Cooling Systems Solar Heating and Cooling Systems Passive Systems Passive Systems |
| 435 | Cooling by Nocturnal Radiation and Evaporation Cooling by Nocturnal Radiation and Evaporation Active Systems Active Systems |
| 436 | Space Heating and Service Hot Water Space Heating and Service Hot Water Cooling by Solar Energy Cooling by Solar Energy Solar Cooling with Absorption Refrigeration Solar Cooling with Absorption Refrigeration |
| 437 | Sizing Solar Heating and Cooling Systems-Energy Requirements Sizing Solar Heating and Cooling Systems-Energy Requirements Performance Evaluation Methods Performance Evaluation Methods Simplified Analysis Methods Simplified Analysis Methods Water-Heating Load Water-Heating Load Active Heating/Cooling Active Heating/Cooling Standard Systems Standard Systems |
| 438 | f-Chart Method f-Chart Method |
| 439 | Other Active Collector Methods Other Active Collector Methods Passive Heating Passive Heating |
| 441 | Other Passive Heating Methods Other Passive Heating Methods Installation Guidelines Installation Guidelines Collector Mounting Collector Mounting |
| 442 | Freeze Protection Freeze Protection Overheat Protection Overheat Protection Safety Safety Start-Up Commissioning Procedure Start-Up Commissioning Procedure Maintenance Maintenance Performance Monitoring/Minimum Instrumentation Performance Monitoring/Minimum Instrumentation |
| 443 | Design, Installation, and Operation Checklist Design, Installation, and Operation Checklist Collectors Collectors Heat Transfer Fluid Heat Transfer Fluid Airflow Airflow Thermal Storage Thermal Storage Uses Uses |
| 444 | Controls Controls Performance Performance Photovoltaic Applications Photovoltaic Applications |
| 445 | Symbols Symbols References References |
| 446 | Bibliography Bibliography |
| 448 | I-P_A07_Ch34 I-P_A07_Ch34 Terminology Terminology |
| 449 | Classification of Systems Classification of Systems Storage Media Storage Media |
| 450 | Basic Thermal Storage Concepts Basic Thermal Storage Concepts Benefits of Thermal Storage Benefits of Thermal Storage Design Considerations Design Considerations |
| 451 | Sensible Thermal Storage Technology Sensible Thermal Storage Technology Sensible Energy Storage Sensible Energy Storage Temperature Range and Storage Size Temperature Range and Storage Size Techniques for Thermal Separation in Sensible Storage Devices Techniques for Thermal Separation in Sensible Storage Devices |
| 452 | Performance of Chilled-Water Storage Systems Performance of Chilled-Water Storage Systems Design of Stratification Diffusers Design of Stratification Diffusers |
| 453 | Storage Tank Insulation Storage Tank Insulation Other Factors Other Factors Chilled-Water Storage Tanks Chilled-Water Storage Tanks Low-Temperature Fluid Sensible Energy Storage Low-Temperature Fluid Sensible Energy Storage Storage in Aquifers Storage in Aquifers |
| 454 | Latent Cool Storage Technology Latent Cool Storage Technology Water as Phase-Change Thermal Storage Medium Water as Phase-Change Thermal Storage Medium Internal Melt Ice-On-Coil Internal Melt Ice-On-Coil |
| 455 | External-Melt Ice-On-Coil External-Melt Ice-On-Coil |
| 456 | Encapsulated Ice Encapsulated Ice Ice Harvesters Ice Harvesters |
| 457 | Ice Slurry Systems Ice Slurry Systems |
| 458 | Other Phase-Change Materials Other Phase-Change Materials Heat Storage Technology Heat Storage Technology Sizing Heat Storage Systems Sizing Heat Storage Systems Service Water Heating Service Water Heating |
| 459 | Brick Storage (ETS) Heaters Brick Storage (ETS) Heaters |
| 460 | Pressurized Water Storage Heaters Pressurized Water Storage Heaters |
| 461 | Underfloor Heat Storage Underfloor Heat Storage Building Mass Thermal Storage Building Mass Thermal Storage |
| 462 | Storage Charging and Discharging Storage Charging and Discharging Design Considerations Design Considerations Factors Favoring Thermal Storage Factors Favoring Thermal Storage |
| 463 | Factors Discouraging Thermal Storage Factors Discouraging Thermal Storage Typical Applications Typical Applications |
| 464 | Sizing Cool Storage Systems Sizing Cool Storage Systems Sizing Strategies Sizing Strategies Calculating Load Profiles Calculating Load Profiles |
| 465 | Sizing Equipment Sizing Equipment |
| 466 | Application of Thermal Storage Systems Application of Thermal Storage Systems Chilled-Water Storage Systems Chilled-Water Storage Systems |
| 468 | Ice (and PCM) Storage Systems Ice (and PCM) Storage Systems |
| 470 | Operation and Control Operation and Control Operating Modes Operating Modes |
| 471 | Control Strategies Control Strategies Operating Strategies Operating Strategies |
| 472 | Instrumentation Requirements Instrumentation Requirements Other Design Considerations Other Design Considerations Hydronic System Design for Open Systems Hydronic System Design for Open Systems Cold-Air Distribution Cold-Air Distribution |
| 473 | Storage of Heat in Cool Storage Units Storage of Heat in Cool Storage Units System Interface System Interface |
| 474 | Insulation Insulation Cost Considerations Cost Considerations Maintenance Considerations Maintenance Considerations Water Treatment Water Treatment |
| 475 | Commissioning Commissioning Statement of Design Intent Statement of Design Intent |
| 476 | Commissioning Specification Commissioning Specification Required Information Required Information Performance Verification Performance Verification Sample Commissioning Plan Outline for Chilled-Water Plants with Thermal Storage Systems Sample Commissioning Plan Outline for Chilled-Water Plants with Thermal Storage Systems |
| 477 | Good Practices Good Practices References References |
| 479 | Bibliography Bibliography |
| 481 | I-P_A07_Ch35 I-P_A07_Ch35 Energy Management Energy Management |
| 482 | Organizing for Energy Management Organizing for Energy Management Energy Managers Energy Managers |
| 483 | Communications Communications Energy Accounting Systems Energy Accounting Systems Energy Accounting Process Energy Accounting Process Energy Accounting Energy Accounting Utility Rates Utility Rates |
| 484 | Analyzing Energy Data Analyzing Energy Data Preparing for Cost and Efficiency Improvements Preparing for Cost and Efficiency Improvements Analyzing Energy Use Data Analyzing Energy Use Data |
| 485 | Electrical Use Profile Electrical Use Profile |
| 486 | Calculating Electrical Load and Occupancy Factors Calculating Electrical Load and Occupancy Factors Calculating Seasonal ELFs Calculating Seasonal ELFs Electric Demand Billing Electric Demand Billing |
| 487 | Benchmarking Energy Use Benchmarking Energy Use |
| 489 | Surveys and Audits Surveys and Audits Energy Audits Energy Audits |
| 491 | Improving Discretionary Operations Improving Discretionary Operations Basic Energy Management Basic Energy Management |
| 493 | Optimizing More Complex System Operation Optimizing More Complex System Operation Energy Conservation Opportunities Energy Conservation Opportunities Identifying Energy Conservation Opportunities Identifying Energy Conservation Opportunities |
| 494 | Evaluating Energy Conservation Opportunities Evaluating Energy Conservation Opportunities Heating Effects of Electrical Equipment Heating Effects of Electrical Equipment Exploring Financing Options Exploring Financing Options |
| 495 | Implementing Energy Conservation Measures Implementing Energy Conservation Measures Monitoring Results Monitoring Results Evaluating Success and Establishing New Goals Evaluating Success and Establishing New Goals Establish Key Performance Indicators Establish Key Performance Indicators |
| 496 | Tracking Performance Tracking Performance Developing New Goals Developing New Goals |
| 497 | Reporting Reporting Building Emergency Energy Use Reduction Building Emergency Energy Use Reduction Implementing Emergency Energy Use Reductions Implementing Emergency Energy Use Reductions |
| 498 | General General Thermal Envelope Thermal Envelope HVAC Systems and Equipment HVAC Systems and Equipment Lighting Systems Lighting Systems Special Equipment Special Equipment Building Operation Demand Reduction Building Operation Demand Reduction When Power Is Restored When Power Is Restored References References |
| 499 | Bibliography Bibliography |
| 500 | I-P_A07_Ch36 I-P_A07_Ch36 Owning Costs Owning Costs Initial Cost Initial Cost |
| 501 | Analysis Period Analysis Period Service Life Service Life |
| 502 | Depreciation Depreciation Interest or Discount Rate Interest or Discount Rate |
| 503 | Periodic Costs Periodic Costs Operating Costs Operating Costs Electrical Energy Electrical Energy |
| 505 | Natural Gas Natural Gas Other Fossil Fuels Other Fossil Fuels Energy Source Choices Energy Source Choices Water and Sewer Costs Water and Sewer Costs Maintenance Costs Maintenance Costs |
| 506 | Estimating Maintenance Costs Estimating Maintenance Costs Factors Affecting Maintenance Costs Factors Affecting Maintenance Costs |
| 507 | Refrigerant Phaseouts Refrigerant Phaseouts Other Sources Other Sources Other Issues Other Issues Financing Alternatives Financing Alternatives |
| 508 | District Energy Service District Energy Service On-Site Electrical Power Generation On-Site Electrical Power Generation Economic Analysis Techniques Economic Analysis Techniques Simple Payback Simple Payback More Sophisticated Economic Analysis Methods More Sophisticated Economic Analysis Methods |
| 510 | Computer Analysis Computer Analysis Reference Equations Reference Equations Symbols Symbols |
| 512 | References References Bibliography Bibliography |
| 513 | I-P_A07_Ch37 I-P_A07_Ch37 Terminology Terminology General Criteria General Criteria Design Considerations Design Considerations |
| 514 | Air Volumetric Measurement Methods Air Volumetric Measurement Methods General General Air Devices Air Devices Duct Flow Duct Flow Mixture Plenums Mixture Plenums Pressure Measurement Pressure Measurement Stratification Stratification |
| 515 | Balancing Procedures for Air Distribution Balancing Procedures for Air Distribution Instruments for Testing and Balancing Instruments for Testing and Balancing Preliminary Procedure for Air Balancing Preliminary Procedure for Air Balancing Equipment and System Check Equipment and System Check |
| 516 | Multizone Systems Multizone Systems Dual-Duct Systems Dual-Duct Systems Variable-Volume Systems Variable-Volume Systems Static Control Static Control |
| 517 | Diversity Diversity Outside Air Requirements Outside Air Requirements Return Air Fans Return Air Fans Types of VAV Systems Types of VAV Systems Balancing the VAV System Balancing the VAV System Induction Systems Induction Systems |
| 518 | Report Information Report Information Principles and Procedures for Balancing Hydronic Systems Principles and Procedures for Balancing Hydronic Systems Heat Transfer at Reduced Flow Rate Heat Transfer at Reduced Flow Rate |
| 519 | Heat Transfer at Excessive Flow Heat Transfer at Excessive Flow Generalized Chilled Water Terminal- Heat Transfer Versus Flow Generalized Chilled Water Terminal- Heat Transfer Versus Flow |
| 520 | Flow Tolerance and Balance Procedure Flow Tolerance and Balance Procedure Water-Side Balancing Water-Side Balancing Equipment Equipment Record Keeping Record Keeping Sizing Balancing Valves Sizing Balancing Valves Hydronic Balancing Methods Hydronic Balancing Methods |
| 521 | System Preparation for Static System System Preparation for Static System Pump Start-Up Pump Start-Up Confirmation of System Venting Confirmation of System Venting Balancing Balancing Balance by Temperature Difference Balance by Temperature Difference Water Balance by Proportional Method Water Balance by Proportional Method |
| 522 | Proportional Balancing Proportional Balancing Other Balancing Techniques Other Balancing Techniques |
| 523 | General Balance Procedures General Balance Procedures Balance Procedure-Primary and Secondary Circuits Balance Procedure-Primary and Secondary Circuits Fluid Flow Measurement Fluid Flow Measurement Flow Measurement Based on Manufacturer’s Data Flow Measurement Based on Manufacturer’s Data |
| 524 | Pressure Differential Readout by Gage Pressure Differential Readout by Gage Conversion of Differential Pressure to Head Conversion of Differential Pressure to Head Differential Head Readout with Manometers Differential Head Readout with Manometers Orifice Plates, Venturi, and Flow Indicators Orifice Plates, Venturi, and Flow Indicators |
| 525 | Using a Pump as an Indicator Using a Pump as an Indicator |
| 526 | Central Plant Chilled-Water Systems Central Plant Chilled-Water Systems Water Flow Instruments Water Flow Instruments Steam Distribution Steam Distribution Procedures for Steam Balancing Variable Flow Systems Procedures for Steam Balancing Variable Flow Systems |
| 527 | Steam Flow Measuring Devices Steam Flow Measuring Devices Cooling Towers Cooling Towers Instruments Instruments Test Method Test Method |
| 528 | Temperature Control Verification Temperature Control Verification Suggested Procedures Suggested Procedures |
| 529 | Field Survey for Energy Audit Field Survey for Energy Audit Instruments Instruments Data Recording Data Recording Building Systems Building Systems Building Energized Systems Building Energized Systems Process Loads Process Loads Guidelines for Developing a Field Study Form Guidelines for Developing a Field Study Form |
| 530 | Reports Reports Testing for Sound and Vibration Testing for Sound and Vibration Testing for Sound Testing for Sound |
| 533 | Testing for Vibration Testing for Vibration |
| 536 | References References Bibliography Bibliography |
| 537 | I-P_A07_Ch38 I-P_A07_Ch38 Terminology Terminology |
| 538 | Results-Oriented Maintenance Management Results-Oriented Maintenance Management Concepts Concepts |
| 539 | Concept Interrelationships Concept Interrelationships Documentation Documentation Maintenance Management Maintenance Management |
| 540 | Knowledge and Skills Knowledge and Skills Levels of Effort Levels of Effort Basic Systems Basic Systems Medium-Complexity Systems Medium-Complexity Systems Complex Systems Complex Systems |
| 541 | Condition Monitoring and Assessment Condition Monitoring and Assessment Fault Frequency and Costs Fault Frequency and Costs Air Conditioners Air Conditioners Chillers Chillers |
| 542 | Air-Handling Systems Air-Handling Systems Condition-Based Maintenance Condition-Based Maintenance Benefits of Detecting and Diagnosing Equipment Faults Benefits of Detecting and Diagnosing Equipment Faults Responsibilities Responsibilities |
| 543 | Conversion to New Technology Conversion to New Technology References References Bibliography Bibliography |
| 544 | I-P_A07_Ch39 I-P_A07_Ch39 Computer System Components and Technologies Computer System Components and Technologies Computer Hardware Computer Hardware |
| 545 | Computer Software Computer Software |
| 547 | Software Availability Software Availability Custom Programming Custom Programming Software Languages Software Languages |
| 548 | Input/Output (I/O) Devices Input/Output (I/O) Devices HVAC Software Applications HVAC Software Applications HVAC Design Calculations HVAC Design Calculations |
| 552 | HVAC Simulation HVAC Simulation |
| 554 | HVAC Graphics, CAD, and Building Data Models HVAC Graphics, CAD, and Building Data Models |
| 555 | HVAC Utilities HVAC Utilities Sources of HVAC software Sources of HVAC software |
| 556 | Interoperable Computer Applications for the HVAC&R Industry Interoperable Computer Applications for the HVAC&R Industry Networking Components Networking Components LAN Protocols LAN Protocols Transmission Control Protocol/ Internet Protocol Transmission Control Protocol/ Internet Protocol |
| 557 | Wireless Service Wireless Service Telephony Standards Telephony Standards Firewalls Firewalls Monitoring and Control Monitoring and Control |
| 558 | Interoperability Interoperability Direct Digital Control (DDC) Applications Direct Digital Control (DDC) Applications Control Componentization Control Componentization |
| 559 | Internet-Enabled Building Automation Systems Internet-Enabled Building Automation Systems Convergence of Information Systems and Information Technology Convergence of Information Systems and Information Technology Internet and Applications Internet and Applications |
| 561 | Security Issues Security Issues References References Bibliography Bibliography |
| 562 | Further Internet Resources Further Internet Resources |
| 563 | I-P_A07_Ch40 I-P_A07_Ch40 Reasons for Energy Monitoring Reasons for Energy Monitoring Energy End Use Energy End Use Specific Technology Assessment Specific Technology Assessment |
| 564 | Savings Measurement and Verification (M&V) Savings Measurement and Verification (M&V) Building Diagnostics Building Diagnostics |
| 565 | Protocols for Performance Monitoring Protocols for Performance Monitoring Residential Retrofit Monitoring Residential Retrofit Monitoring Commercial Retrofit Monitoring Commercial Retrofit Monitoring |
| 567 | Commercial New Construction Monitoring Commercial New Construction Monitoring Common Monitoring Issues Common Monitoring Issues Planning Planning Implementation and Data Management Implementation and Data Management |
| 568 | Data Analysis and Reporting Data Analysis and Reporting Steps for Project Design and Implementation Steps for Project Design and Implementation Part One: Identify Project Objectives, Resources, and Constraints Part One: Identify Project Objectives, Resources, and Constraints |
| 569 | Part Two: Specify Building and Occupant Characteristics Part Two: Specify Building and Occupant Characteristics Part Three: Specify Data Products and Project Output Part Three: Specify Data Products and Project Output Part Four: Specify Monitoring Design Approach Part Four: Specify Monitoring Design Approach |
| 571 | Part Five: Specify Data Analysis Procedures and Algorithms Part Five: Specify Data Analysis Procedures and Algorithms |
| 573 | Part Six: Specify Field Data Monitoring Points Part Six: Specify Field Data Monitoring Points |
| 574 | Part Seven: Resolve Data Product Accuracies Part Seven: Resolve Data Product Accuracies |
| 576 | Part Eight: Specify Verification and Quality Assurance Procedures Part Eight: Specify Verification and Quality Assurance Procedures Part Nine: Specify Recording and Data Exchange Formats Part Nine: Specify Recording and Data Exchange Formats |
| 577 | References References |
| 578 | Bibliography Bibliography |
| 579 | I-P_A07_Ch41 I-P_A07_Ch41 Background Background Systems, Definitions, and Control Variables Systems, Definitions, and Control Variables |
| 580 | Subsystems Subsystems Control Variables Control Variables |
| 581 | Sampling Intervals for Reset Controls Sampling Intervals for Reset Controls Optimizing Controls for Boilers Optimizing Controls for Boilers Excess Air in the Combustion Process Excess Air in the Combustion Process |
| 582 | Oxygen Trim Control Oxygen Trim Control Carbon Monoxide Trim Control Carbon Monoxide Trim Control Sequencing and Loading of Multiple Boilers Sequencing and Loading of Multiple Boilers |
| 583 | Resetting Supply Water Temperature and Pressure Resetting Supply Water Temperature and Pressure Operating Constraints Operating Constraints Optimizing Controls for Cooling Without Storage Optimizing Controls for Cooling Without Storage |
| 585 | Effects of Load and Ambient Conditions on Optimal Supervisory Control Effects of Load and Ambient Conditions on Optimal Supervisory Control Performance Comparisons for Supervisory Control Strategies Performance Comparisons for Supervisory Control Strategies Variable- Versus Fixed-Speed Equipment Variable- Versus Fixed-Speed Equipment |
| 586 | Optimizing Controls for Cooling Systems With Storage Optimizing Controls for Cooling Systems With Storage |
| 587 | Ice Storage Ice Storage |
| 588 | Building Thermal Mass Building Thermal Mass |
| 590 | Supervisory Control Strategies and Tools Supervisory Control Strategies and Tools Cooling Tower Fan Control Cooling Tower Fan Control |
| 591 | Near-Optimal Tower Fan Sequencing Near-Optimal Tower Fan Sequencing Sequencing Rules Sequencing Rules Near-Optimal Tower Airflow Near-Optimal Tower Airflow |
| 593 | Overrides for Equipment Constraints Overrides for Equipment Constraints Implementation Implementation |
| 594 | Chilled-Water Reset With Fixed-Speed Pumping Chilled-Water Reset With Fixed-Speed Pumping Pump Sequencing Pump Sequencing |
| 595 | Optimal Chilled-Water Temperature Optimal Chilled-Water Temperature Overrides for Equipment and Comfort Constraints Overrides for Equipment and Comfort Constraints Implementation Implementation Chilled-Water Reset With Variable-Speed Pumping Chilled-Water Reset With Variable-Speed Pumping |
| 596 | Optimal Differential Pressure Set Points Optimal Differential Pressure Set Points Near-Optimal Chilled-Water Set Point Near-Optimal Chilled-Water Set Point |
| 598 | Pump Sequencing Pump Sequencing Overrides for Equipment and Comfort Constraints Overrides for Equipment and Comfort Constraints Implementation Implementation Sequencing and Loading Multiple Chillers Sequencing and Loading Multiple Chillers |
| 599 | Near-Optimal Condenser Water Flow Distribution Near-Optimal Condenser Water Flow Distribution Optimal Chiller Load Distribution Optimal Chiller Load Distribution |
| 601 | Order for Bringing Chillers Online and Offline Order for Bringing Chillers Online and Offline |
| 602 | Load Conditions for Bringing Chillers Online or Offline Load Conditions for Bringing Chillers Online or Offline |
| 603 | Strategies for Boilers Strategies for Boilers Load Conditions for Bringing Boilers Online or Offline Load Conditions for Bringing Boilers Online or Offline Optimal Boiler Load Distribution Optimal Boiler Load Distribution |
| 604 | Maintaining Boilers in Standby Mode Maintaining Boilers in Standby Mode Supply Water and Supply Pressure Reset for Boilers Supply Water and Supply Pressure Reset for Boilers Strategies for Air-Handling Units Strategies for Air-Handling Units Air Handler Sequencing and Economizer Cooling Air Handler Sequencing and Economizer Cooling |
| 605 | Supply Air Temperature Reset for Constant Air Volume (CAV) Supply Air Temperature Reset for Constant Air Volume (CAV) Static Pressure Reset for Variable Air Volume (VAV) Static Pressure Reset for Variable Air Volume (VAV) Strategies for Building Zone Temperature Set Points Strategies for Building Zone Temperature Set Points Recovery from Night Setback or Setup Recovery from Night Setback or Setup |
| 606 | Emergency Strategy to Limit Peak Cooling Requirements Emergency Strategy to Limit Peak Cooling Requirements |
| 607 | Control of Cool Thermal Storage Control of Cool Thermal Storage Charging Strategies Charging Strategies Discharging Strategies Discharging Strategies |
| 609 | Forecasting Diurnal Energy Requirements Forecasting Diurnal Energy Requirements A Forecasting Algorithm A Forecasting Algorithm |
| 610 | Control Optimization Methods Control Optimization Methods Static Optimization Static Optimization |
| 611 | General Static Optimization Problem General Static Optimization Problem Simplified System-Based Optimization Approach Simplified System-Based Optimization Approach |
| 614 | Dynamic Optimization Dynamic Optimization |
| 615 | Ice Storage Control Optimization Ice Storage Control Optimization |
| 616 | References References |
| 618 | I-P_A07_Ch42 I-P_A07_Ch42 |
| 619 | Commissioning Objective Commissioning Objective Management and Responsibilities Management and Responsibilities |
| 621 | Commissioning Process Commissioning Process Predesign-Phase Commissioning Predesign-Phase Commissioning |
| 622 | Design-Phase Commissioning Design-Phase Commissioning |
| 624 | Construction-Phase Commissioning Construction-Phase Commissioning |
| 627 | Occupancy- and Operations-Phase Commissioning Occupancy- and Operations-Phase Commissioning Commissioning Costs Commissioning Costs |
| 628 | Design-Phase Costs (Including Predesign and Design) Design-Phase Costs (Including Predesign and Design) Construction- and Occupancy/ Operations-Phase Costs Construction- and Occupancy/ Operations-Phase Costs Existing Buildings Existing Buildings References References |
| 629 | Bibliography Bibliography |
| 630 | I-P_A07_Ch43 I-P_A07_Ch43 Single-Family Residences Single-Family Residences Foundations Foundations |
| 632 | Walls Walls |
| 634 | Roof and Ceiling Assemblies Roof and Ceiling Assemblies |
| 635 | Fenestration Fenestration Conduction/Convection and Radiation Effects Conduction/Convection and Radiation Effects Air Infiltration Effects Air Infiltration Effects Solar Gain Solar Gain Interactions Between Thermal Loss and Solar Gain Interactions Between Thermal Loss and Solar Gain Wall/Window Interface Wall/Window Interface |
| 636 | Control of Air Leakage Control of Air Leakage Control of Moisture Diffusion Control of Moisture Diffusion Control of Heat Flow Control of Heat Flow Control of Surface Condensation Control of Surface Condensation Control of Rain Entry Control of Rain Entry Face Seal Approach Face Seal Approach Wall/Roof Interface Wall/Roof Interface Control of Air Leakage Control of Air Leakage |
| 637 | Control of Moisture Diffusion Control of Moisture Diffusion Control of Condensation Control of Condensation Thermal Bridges in Buildings Thermal Bridges in Buildings Detrimental Effects of Thermal Bridges Detrimental Effects of Thermal Bridges |
| 638 | Thermal Bridge Mitigation Thermal Bridge Mitigation |
| 639 | Design Recommendations Design Recommendations |
| 640 | Thermal Mass Thermal Mass References References |
| 641 | Bibliography Bibliography |
| 642 | I-P_A07_Ch44 I-P_A07_Ch44 Exhaust Stack and Air Intake Design Strategies Exhaust Stack and Air Intake Design Strategies Stack Design Strategies Stack Design Strategies Recommended Stack Exhaust Velocity Recommended Stack Exhaust Velocity |
| 643 | Other Stack Design Standards Other Stack Design Standards Air Intake Locations to Minimize Contamination Air Intake Locations to Minimize Contamination |
| 644 | General Guidance on Intake Placement General Guidance on Intake Placement Code Requirements for Air Intakes Code Requirements for Air Intakes |
| 645 | Treatment and Control Strategies Treatment and Control Strategies Intake Locations for Heat-Rejection Devices Intake Locations for Heat-Rejection Devices Wind Recirculation Zones on Flat-Roofed Buildings Wind Recirculation Zones on Flat-Roofed Buildings |
| 646 | Geometric Method for Estimating Stack Height Geometric Method for Estimating Stack Height |
| 647 | Exhaust-To-Intake Dilution Calculations Exhaust-To-Intake Dilution Calculations Worst-Case Critical Dilution Worst-Case Critical Dilution Dilution and Concentration Definitions Dilution and Concentration Definitions |
| 648 | Gaussian Plume Equations for Roof-Level Dilution Gaussian Plume Equations for Roof-Level Dilution Limiting Contribution of Plume Rise to Dr Near Stacks Limiting Contribution of Plume Rise to Dr Near Stacks Cross-Wind and Vertical Plume Spreads for Dilution Calculations Cross-Wind and Vertical Plume Spreads for Dilution Calculations |
| 649 | Stack Design Using Dilution Calculations and Charts for Critical Wind Speed Stack Design Using Dilution Calculations and Charts for Critical Wind Speed |
| 650 | Dilution from Flush Exhaust Vents with No Stack Dilution from Flush Exhaust Vents with No Stack |
| 651 | Annual Hours of Occurrence of Highest Intake Contamination Annual Hours of Occurrence of Highest Intake Contamination Combined Exhausts and Ganged Stacks Combined Exhausts and Ganged Stacks Influence of Architectural Screens on Exhaust Dilution Influence of Architectural Screens on Exhaust Dilution Scale Model Simulation and Testing Scale Model Simulation and Testing |
| 652 | Symbols Symbols References References |
| 653 | Bibliography Bibliography |
| 654 | I-P_A07_Ch45 I-P_A07_Ch45 Terminology Terminology |
| 655 | Gaseous Contaminants Gaseous Contaminants Using Source Data to Predict Indoor Concentrations Using Source Data to Predict Indoor Concentrations |
| 657 | Problem Assessment Problem Assessment Contaminant Load Estimates Contaminant Load Estimates |
| 658 | Control Strategies Control Strategies Elimination of Sources Elimination of Sources Local Source Control Local Source Control Dilution Through General Ventilation Dilution Through General Ventilation Control by Ventilation Air Cleaning Control by Ventilation Air Cleaning Gas Contaminant Control Processes Gas Contaminant Control Processes |
| 660 | Equipment Equipment |
| 662 | Air Cleaner System Design Air Cleaner System Design Air Cleaner Location and Other HVAC Concerns Air Cleaner Location and Other HVAC Concerns |
| 663 | Media Selection Media Selection Sizing Gaseous Contaminant Control Equipment Sizing Gaseous Contaminant Control Equipment |
| 665 | Special Cases Special Cases |
| 666 | Energy Concerns Energy Concerns Economic Considerations Economic Considerations Safety Safety |
| 667 | Installation, Start-Up, and Commissioning Installation, Start-Up, and Commissioning Start-Up and Commissioning Start-Up and Commissioning Operation and Maintenance Operation and Maintenance When to Change Media When to Change Media Replacement and Reactivation Replacement and Reactivation Environmental Influences on Air Cleaners Environmental Influences on Air Cleaners |
| 668 | Testing Media, Equipment, and Systems Testing Media, Equipment, and Systems Laboratory Tests of Media and Complete Air Cleaners Laboratory Tests of Media and Complete Air Cleaners |
| 669 | Field Tests of Installed Air Cleaners Field Tests of Installed Air Cleaners References References |
| 671 | Bibliography Bibliography |
| 673 | I-P_A07_Ch46 I-P_A07_Ch46 System Types System Types Heating Systems Heating Systems Hot-Water and Steam Boilers Hot-Water and Steam Boilers |
| 674 | Heating Coils Heating Coils |
| 676 | Radiant Heating and Cooling Radiant Heating and Cooling Direct-Fired Gas Heat Makeup Air Units Direct-Fired Gas Heat Makeup Air Units Cooling Systems Cooling Systems Chillers Chillers |
| 677 | Chiller Plant Operation Optimization Chiller Plant Operation Optimization Cooling Tower Cooling Tower |
| 678 | Air-Cooled Chillers Air-Cooled Chillers Water-Side Economizers Water-Side Economizers |
| 679 | Cooling Coil Cooling Coil Air Systems Air Systems Variable Air Volume (VAV) Variable Air Volume (VAV) |
| 684 | Constant-Volume (CV) Systems Constant-Volume (CV) Systems |
| 685 | Changeover/Bypass Zoning Systems Changeover/Bypass Zoning Systems Humidity Control Humidity Control |
| 686 | Terminal Units Terminal Units |
| 689 | Air Handling Air Handling |
| 691 | Multizone, Single-Duct System Multizone, Single-Duct System Multizone, Dual-Duct Systems Multizone, Dual-Duct Systems |
| 692 | Water Heating Water Heating Special Applications Special Applications Mobile Unit Control Mobile Unit Control Explosive Atmospheres Explosive Atmospheres |
| 693 | Duct Static Pressure Limit Control Duct Static Pressure Limit Control Design Considerations and Principles Design Considerations and Principles Extraordinary Incidents Extraordinary Incidents Mechanical and Electrical Coordination Mechanical and Electrical Coordination Building and System Subdivision Building and System Subdivision Energy-Efficient Controls Energy-Efficient Controls |
| 694 | Control Principles for Energy Conservation Control Principles for Energy Conservation System Selection System Selection |
| 695 | Load Matching Load Matching Size of Controlled Area Size of Controlled Area Location of Space Sensors Location of Space Sensors Commissioning Commissioning |
| 696 | References References Bibliography Bibliography |
| 697 | I-P_A07_Ch47 I-P_A07_Ch47 Data Reliability Data Reliability Sound Generation and Control Sound Generation and Control Acoustical Design of HVAC Systems Acoustical Design of HVAC Systems |
| 698 | Basic Acoustical Design Techniques Basic Acoustical Design Techniques |
| 699 | Source Sound Levels Source Sound Levels Fans Fans |
| 701 | Variable-Air-Volume (VAV) Systems Variable-Air-Volume (VAV) Systems |
| 702 | Rooftop-Mounted Air Handlers Rooftop-Mounted Air Handlers |
| 703 | Aerodynamically Generated Sound in Ducts Aerodynamically Generated Sound in Ducts |
| 706 | Compressors, Chillers, and Air-Cooled Condensers Compressors, Chillers, and Air-Cooled Condensers |
| 707 | Table 6 Calculations for Reverberation Build-Up Table 6 Calculations for Reverberation Build-Up |
| 708 | Emergency Generators Emergency Generators Path Noise Estimation and Control Path Noise Estimation and Control Duct Element Sound Attenuation Duct Element Sound Attenuation |
| 716 | Sound Radiation Through Duct Walls Sound Radiation Through Duct Walls Airflow-Generated Duct Rumble Airflow-Generated Duct Rumble |
| 717 | Sound Breakout and Break-In from Ducts Sound Breakout and Break-In from Ducts |
| 720 | Receiver Room Sound Correction Receiver Room Sound Correction |
| 721 | Distributed Array of Ceiling Sound Sources Distributed Array of Ceiling Sound Sources Nonstandard Rooms Nonstandard Rooms |
| 722 | Line Sound Sources Line Sound Sources Sound Control for Outdoor Equipment Sound Control for Outdoor Equipment Sound Propagation Outdoors Sound Propagation Outdoors Sound Barriers Sound Barriers |
| 723 | Fume Hood Duct Design Fume Hood Duct Design |
| 724 | Mechanical Equipment Room Sound Isolation Mechanical Equipment Room Sound Isolation Penetration of Walls by Ducts Penetration of Walls by Ducts Mechanical Chases Mechanical Chases |
| 725 | Special Construction Types Special Construction Types Floating Floors and Barrier Ceilings Floating Floors and Barrier Ceilings |
| 726 | Sound Transmission in Return Air Systems Sound Transmission in Return Air Systems Sound Transmission Through Ceilings Sound Transmission Through Ceilings Receiver Considerations Receiver Considerations Indoor Sound Criteria Indoor Sound Criteria |
| 731 | Outdoor Sound Criteria Outdoor Sound Criteria HVAC Noise Reduction Design Procedures HVAC Noise Reduction Design Procedures |
| 733 | Calculation Procedure Calculation Procedure |
| 734 | Health Effects of Acoustical Materials Health Effects of Acoustical Materials Vibration Isolation and Control Vibration Isolation and Control Equipment Vibration Equipment Vibration Vibration Criteria Vibration Criteria |
| 735 | Specification of Vibration Isolators Specification of Vibration Isolators |
| 739 | Internal Versus External Isolation Internal Versus External Isolation |
| 740 | Isolation of Vibration and Noise in Piping Systems Isolation of Vibration and Noise in Piping Systems Resilient Pipe Hangers and Supports Resilient Pipe Hangers and Supports |
| 742 | Isolating Duct Vibration Isolating Duct Vibration Seismic Protection Seismic Protection Vibration Investigations Vibration Investigations Troubleshooting Troubleshooting Determining Problem Source Determining Problem Source Determining Problem Type Determining Problem Type |
| 743 | Noise Problems Noise Problems Vibration Problems Vibration Problems |
| 744 | References References |
| 745 | Bibliography Bibliography |
| 746 | Resources Resources |
| 747 | I-P_A07_Ch48 I-P_A07_Ch48 Water Characteristics Water Characteristics Chemical Characteristics Chemical Characteristics Biological Characteristics Biological Characteristics |
| 748 | Corrosion Control Corrosion Control Types of Corrosion Types of Corrosion Factors That Contribute to Corrosion Factors That Contribute to Corrosion |
| 749 | Preventive and Protective Measures Preventive and Protective Measures |
| 750 | White Rust on Galvanized Steel Cooling Towers White Rust on Galvanized Steel Cooling Towers Scale Control Scale Control |
| 751 | Nonchemical Methods Nonchemical Methods External Treatments External Treatments Biological Growth Control Biological Growth Control Control Measures Control Measures |
| 752 | Legionnaires’ Disease Legionnaires’ Disease |
| 753 | Suspended Solids and Depositation Control Suspended Solids and Depositation Control Mechanical Filtration Mechanical Filtration |
| 754 | Start-Up and Shutdown of Cooling Tower Systems Start-Up and Shutdown of Cooling Tower Systems Start-Up and Recommissioning for Drained Systems Start-Up and Recommissioning for Drained Systems Start-Up and Recommissioning for Undrained (Stagnant) Systems Start-Up and Recommissioning for Undrained (Stagnant) Systems |
| 755 | Shutdown Shutdown Selection of Water Treatment Selection of Water Treatment Once-Through Systems Once-Through Systems Open Recirculating Systems Open Recirculating Systems Air Washers and Sprayed Coil Units Air Washers and Sprayed Coil Units Ice Machines Ice Machines |
| 756 | Closed Recirculating Systems Closed Recirculating Systems Water Heating Systems Water Heating Systems Brine Systems Brine Systems Boiler Systems Boiler Systems |
| 757 | Steam and Condensate Systems Steam and Condensate Systems Terminology Terminology |
| 758 | References References |
| 759 | I-P_A07_Ch49 I-P_A07_Ch49 System Elements System Elements Water-Heating Terminology Water-Heating Terminology |
| 760 | System Planning System Planning Energy Sources Energy Sources Water-Heating Equipment Water-Heating Equipment Gas-Fired Systems Gas-Fired Systems Oil-Fired Systems Oil-Fired Systems Electric Electric |
| 761 | Indirect Water Heating Indirect Water Heating Semi-Instantaneous Semi-Instantaneous |
| 762 | Circulating Tank Circulating Tank Blending Injection Blending Injection Solar Solar Waste Heat Use Waste Heat Use Refrigeration Heat Reclaim Refrigeration Heat Reclaim Combination Heating Combination Heating Design Considerations Design Considerations Distribution Distribution Piping Material Piping Material |
| 763 | Pipe Sizing Pipe Sizing Supply Piping Supply Piping Pressure Differential Pressure Differential Piping Heat Loss and Hot-Water Delivery Delays Piping Heat Loss and Hot-Water Delivery Delays |
| 764 | Hot-Water Recirculation Loops and Return Piping Hot-Water Recirculation Loops and Return Piping |
| 765 | Heat-Traced, Nonreturn Piping Heat-Traced, Nonreturn Piping Multiple Water Heaters Multiple Water Heaters Special Piping-Commercial Dishwashers Special Piping-Commercial Dishwashers Water Pressure-Commercial Kitchens Water Pressure-Commercial Kitchens |
| 766 | Two-Temperature Service Two-Temperature Service Manifolding Manifolding Terminal Hot-Water Usage Devices Terminal Hot-Water Usage Devices Water Quality, Scale, and Corrosion Water Quality, Scale, and Corrosion |
| 767 | Safety Devices for Hot-Water Supplies Safety Devices for Hot-Water Supplies Special Concerns Special Concerns Legionella pneumophila (Legionnaires’ Disease) Legionella pneumophila (Legionnaires’ Disease) |
| 768 | Scalding Scalding Temperature Requirement Temperature Requirement Hot Water from Tanks and Storage Systems Hot Water from Tanks and Storage Systems Placement of Water Heaters Placement of Water Heaters |
| 769 | Hot-Water Requirements and Storage Equipment Sizing Hot-Water Requirements and Storage Equipment Sizing Load Diversity Load Diversity Residential Residential Commercial and Institutional Commercial and Institutional |
| 773 | Sizing Examples Sizing Examples |
| 781 | Sizing Instantaneous and Semi-Instantaneous Water Heaters Sizing Instantaneous and Semi-Instantaneous Water Heaters |
| 783 | Sizing Refrigerant-Based Water Heaters Sizing Refrigerant-Based Water Heaters Boilers for Indirect Water Heating Boilers for Indirect Water Heating Typical Control Sequence Typical Control Sequence Water-Heating Energy Use Water-Heating Energy Use |
| 786 | References References |
| 787 | Bibliography Bibliography |
| 788 | I-P_A07_Ch50 I-P_A07_Ch50 Hydronic and Electric Snow-Melting Systems Hydronic and Electric Snow-Melting Systems Snow-Melting Heat Flux Requirement Snow-Melting Heat Flux Requirement Heat Balance Heat Balance |
| 789 | Heat Flux Equations Heat Flux Equations |
| 793 | Weather Data and Heat Flux Calculation Results Weather Data and Heat Flux Calculation Results Example for Surface Heat Flux Calculation Using Table 1 Example for Surface Heat Flux Calculation Using Table 1 Sensitivity of Design Surface Heat Flux to Wind Speed and Surface Size Sensitivity of Design Surface Heat Flux to Wind Speed and Surface Size Back and Edge Heat Losses Back and Edge Heat Losses Transient Analysis of System Performance Transient Analysis of System Performance |
| 795 | Annual Operating Data Annual Operating Data Annual Operating Cost Example Annual Operating Cost Example Slab Design Slab Design |
| 797 | Control Control Manual Control Manual Control Automatic Control Automatic Control Control Selection Control Selection Operating Cost Operating Cost Hydronic System Design Hydronic System Design Heat Transfer Fluid Heat Transfer Fluid |
| 798 | Piping Piping |
| 799 | Fluid Heater Fluid Heater |
| 800 | Pump Selection Pump Selection Pump Selection Example Pump Selection Example Controls Controls Thermal Stress Thermal Stress Electric System Design Electric System Design Heat Flux Heat Flux Electrical Equipment Electrical Equipment Mineral-Insulated Cable Mineral-Insulated Cable |
| 802 | Self-Regulating Cable Self-Regulating Cable Constant-Wattage Systems Constant-Wattage Systems |
| 803 | Installation Installation Infrared Snow-Melting Systems Infrared Snow-Melting Systems |
| 804 | Snow Melting in Gutters and Downspouts Snow Melting in Gutters and Downspouts Freeze Protection Systems Freeze Protection Systems |
| 806 | Steam Pipe-Tracing Systems Steam Pipe-Tracing Systems Electric Pipe-Tracing Systems Electric Pipe-Tracing Systems |
| 807 | Control Control References References Bibliography Bibliography |
| 808 | I-P_A07_Ch51 I-P_A07_Ch51 General Applications General Applications Cooling Cooling |
| 809 | Humidification Humidification Dehumidification and Cooling Dehumidification and Cooling Air Cleaning Air Cleaning |
| 810 | Indirect Evaporative Cooling Systems for Comfort Cooling Indirect Evaporative Cooling Systems for Comfort Cooling |
| 811 | Indirect Evaporative Cooling Controls Indirect Evaporative Cooling Controls |
| 812 | Indirect/Direct Evaporative Cooling with VAV Delivery Indirect/Direct Evaporative Cooling with VAV Delivery |
| 814 | Beneficial Humidification Beneficial Humidification Indirect Evaporative Cooling With Heat Recovery Indirect Evaporative Cooling With Heat Recovery |
| 815 | Booster Refrigeration Booster Refrigeration |
| 816 | Residential or Commercial Cooling Residential or Commercial Cooling |
| 817 | Exhaust Required Exhaust Required Two-Stage Cooling Two-Stage Cooling Industrial Applications Industrial Applications |
| 819 | Area Cooling Area Cooling Spot Cooling Spot Cooling Cooling Large Motors Cooling Large Motors |
| 820 | Cooling Gas Turbine Engines and Generators Cooling Gas Turbine Engines and Generators Process Cooling Process Cooling Cooling Laundries Cooling Laundries Cooling Wood and Paper Products Facilities Cooling Wood and Paper Products Facilities Other Applications Other Applications Cooling Power-Generating Facilities Cooling Power-Generating Facilities |
| 821 | Cooling Mines Cooling Mines Cooling Animals Cooling Animals Produce Storage Cooling Produce Storage Cooling |
| 822 | Cooling Greenhouses Cooling Greenhouses Economic Factors Economic Factors Direct Evaporation Energy Saving Direct Evaporation Energy Saving Indirect Evaporation Energy Saving Indirect Evaporation Energy Saving |
| 823 | Water Cost for Evaporative Cooling Water Cost for Evaporative Cooling Psychrometrics Psychrometrics |
| 824 | Entering Air Considerations Entering Air Considerations References References |
| 825 | Bibliography Bibliography |
| 826 | I-P_A07_Ch52 I-P_A07_Ch52 Fire Management Fire Management |
| 827 | Smoke Movement Smoke Movement Stack Effect Stack Effect |
| 828 | Buoyancy Buoyancy Expansion Expansion Wind Wind |
| 829 | HVAC Systems HVAC Systems Smoke Management Smoke Management Compartmentation Compartmentation Dilution Remote from Fire Dilution Remote from Fire |
| 830 | Pressurization (Smoke Control) Pressurization (Smoke Control) Airflow Airflow |
| 831 | Buoyancy Buoyancy Smoke Control System Design Smoke Control System Design Door-Opening Forces Door-Opening Forces Flow Areas Flow Areas |
| 832 | Effective Flow Areas Effective Flow Areas |
| 833 | Design Weather Data Design Weather Data Design Pressure Differences Design Pressure Differences Open Doors Open Doors Fire and Smoke Dampers Fire and Smoke Dampers |
| 834 | Fans Used to Exhaust Smoke Fans Used to Exhaust Smoke Pressurized Stairwells Pressurized Stairwells Stairwell Compartmentation Stairwell Compartmentation |
| 835 | Stairwell Analysis Stairwell Analysis Stairwell Pressurization and Open Doors Stairwell Pressurization and Open Doors |
| 836 | Elevators Elevators Zone Smoke Control Zone Smoke Control |
| 837 | Computer Analysis for Pressurization Systems Computer Analysis for Pressurization Systems Smoke Management in Large Spaces Smoke Management in Large Spaces |
| 838 | Design Fires Design Fires Zone Fire Models Zone Fire Models |
| 839 | Atrium Smoke Filling by a Steady Fire Atrium Smoke Filling by a Steady Fire Atrium Smoke Filling by an Unsteady Fire Atrium Smoke Filling by an Unsteady Fire Steady Clear Height with Upper Layer Exhaust Steady Clear Height with Upper Layer Exhaust |
| 840 | Minimum Smoke Layer Depth Minimum Smoke Layer Depth Number of Exhaust Inlets Number of Exhaust Inlets |
| 841 | Separation Between Inlets Separation Between Inlets Prestratification and Detection Prestratification and Detection |
| 842 | Tenability Systems Tenability Systems Tenability Evaluation Tenability Evaluation Atria and Other Large Spaces Atria and Other Large Spaces Large Multicompartmented Buildings Large Multicompartmented Buildings Acceptance Testing Acceptance Testing |
| 843 | Special Inspector Special Inspector Extraordinary Incidents Extraordinary Incidents symbols symbols References References |
| 845 | Bibliography Bibliography |
| 846 | I-P_A07_Ch53 I-P_A07_Ch53 Low-, Medium-, and High-Intensity Infrared Heating Low-, Medium-, and High-Intensity Infrared Heating Panel Heating and Cooling Panel Heating and Cooling Elementary Design Relationships Elementary Design Relationships |
| 848 | Design Criteria for Acceptable Radiant Heating Design Criteria for Acceptable Radiant Heating |
| 849 | Design for Beam Radiant Heating Design for Beam Radiant Heating Geometry of Beam Heating Geometry of Beam Heating |
| 850 | Floor Reradiation Floor Reradiation Asymmetric Radiant Fields Asymmetric Radiant Fields Radiation Patterns Radiation Patterns |
| 851 | Design for Total Space Heating Design for Total Space Heating |
| 852 | Testing Instruments for Radiant Heating Testing Instruments for Radiant Heating Black Globe Thermometer Black Globe Thermometer Directional Radiometer Directional Radiometer |
| 853 | Applications Applications Low-, Medium-, and High-Intensity Infrared Applications Low-, Medium-, and High-Intensity Infrared Applications Panel Heating and Cooling Panel Heating and Cooling |
| 854 | Symbols Symbols |
| 855 | References References |
| 856 | I-P_A07_Ch54 I-P_A07_Ch54 Seismic Restraint Design Seismic Restraint Design |
| 857 | Terminology Terminology Calculations Calculations Dynamic Analysis Dynamic Analysis |
| 858 | Establishing Design Static Force Establishing Design Static Force Static Analysis as Defined in the International Building Code Static Analysis as Defined in the International Building Code |
| 861 | Static Analysis as Defined in 1997 Uniform Building Code Static Analysis as Defined in 1997 Uniform Building Code Static Analysis as Defined in 1994 Uniform Building Code Static Analysis as Defined in 1994 Uniform Building Code |
| 862 | Applying Static Analysis Applying Static Analysis Computation of Loads Computation of Loads |
| 863 | Simple Case Simple Case |
| 865 | General Case General Case Polar Method Polar Method |
| 868 | Lump Mass Method Lump Mass Method Resilient Support Factors Resilient Support Factors |
| 869 | Lag Screws into Timber Lag Screws into Timber Anchor Bolts Anchor Bolts |
| 870 | Weld Capacities Weld Capacities Seismic Snubbers Seismic Snubbers Examples Examples |
| 877 | Installation Problems Installation Problems Wind Restraint Design Wind Restraint Design Terminology Terminology |
| 878 | Calculations Calculations Analytical Procedure Analytical Procedure Example Calculations: Analytical Procedure Example Calculations: Analytical Procedure |
| 880 | References References |
| 881 | Bibliography Bibliography |
| 882 | I-P_A07_Ch55 I-P_A07_Ch55 Terminology Terminology Safety Safety Performance Performance |
| 883 | Electrical System Components and Concepts Electrical System Components and Concepts Transformers Transformers |
| 885 | Emergency and Standby Power Systems Emergency and Standby Power Systems |
| 886 | Motors Motors |
| 887 | Utilization Equipment Voltage Ratings Utilization Equipment Voltage Ratings Voltage Level Variation Effects Voltage Level Variation Effects Voltage Selection Voltage Selection |
| 888 | Power Quality Variations Power Quality Variations Transients Transients |
| 889 | Short-Duration Variations Short-Duration Variations |
| 890 | Long-Duration Variations Long-Duration Variations |
| 891 | Interruptions and Outages Interruptions and Outages Harmonic Distortion Harmonic Distortion |
| 892 | Voltage Flicker Voltage Flicker |
| 893 | Noise Noise Billing Rates Billing Rates |
| 894 | Cost-Based Rates Cost-Based Rates |
| 895 | Policy-Based Rates Policy-Based Rates Market-Based Rates Market-Based Rates |
| 896 | Codes and Standards Codes and Standards NEC® NEC® UL Listing UL Listing CSA Approved CSA Approved ULC ULC NAFTA Wiring Standards NAFTA Wiring Standards IEEE IEEE Bibliography Bibliography |
| 897 | I-P_A07_Ch56 I-P_A07_Ch56 System Design System Design Design Constraints Design Constraints Sound Sound Inlet Conditions to Air Outlets Inlet Conditions to Air Outlets Return Air Inlets Return Air Inlets |
| 898 | Indoor Air Quality and Sustainability Indoor Air Quality and Sustainability Mixed Air Distribution Mixed Air Distribution |
| 899 | Principles of Operation Principles of Operation Space Ventilation and Contaminant Removal Space Ventilation and Contaminant Removal Benefits and Limitations Benefits and Limitations Horizontal Discharge Cooling with Ceiling- Mounted Outlets Horizontal Discharge Cooling with Ceiling- Mounted Outlets Vertical-Discharge Cooling or Heating with Ceiling-Mounted Outlets Vertical-Discharge Cooling or Heating with Ceiling-Mounted Outlets Cooling with Sidewall Outlets Cooling with Sidewall Outlets |
| 900 | Cooling with Floor-Mounted Air Outlets Cooling with Floor-Mounted Air Outlets Cooling with Sill-Mounted Air Outlets Cooling with Sill-Mounted Air Outlets Heating and Cooling with Perimeter Ceiling- Mounted Outlets Heating and Cooling with Perimeter Ceiling- Mounted Outlets Space Temperature Gradients and Airflow Rates Space Temperature Gradients and Airflow Rates Methods for Evaluation Methods for Evaluation Selection Selection |
| 902 | Fully Stratified Air Distribution Fully Stratified Air Distribution Principles of Operation Principles of Operation |
| 903 | Space Ventilation and Contaminant Removal Space Ventilation and Contaminant Removal Typical Applications Typical Applications Benefits and Limitations Benefits and Limitations Outlet Characteristics Outlet Characteristics Space Temperature Gradients and Airflow Rates Space Temperature Gradients and Airflow Rates Methods of Evaluation Methods of Evaluation |
| 904 | Design Procedures Design Procedures Application Considerations Application Considerations Partially Mixed Air Distribution Partially Mixed Air Distribution |
| 905 | Principles of Operation Principles of Operation Space Ventilation and Contaminant Removal Space Ventilation and Contaminant Removal Typical Applications Typical Applications Benefits and Limitations Benefits and Limitations Outlet Characteristics Outlet Characteristics |
| 906 | Space Temperature Gradients and Airflow Rates Space Temperature Gradients and Airflow Rates Methods of Evaluation Methods of Evaluation Design Procedures Design Procedures Application Considerations Application Considerations References References |
| 907 | I-P_A07_Ch57 I-P_A07_Ch57 Project Delivery Project Delivery Sequential Design Process Sequential Design Process Integrated Design Process Integrated Design Process Effort Shift Effort Shift Objectives Objectives |
| 908 | Energy Use Energy Use Indoor Environmental Quality (IEQ) Indoor Environmental Quality (IEQ) Water Usage Water Usage Vulnerability Vulnerability Environmental Stewardship Environmental Stewardship |
| 909 | Critical Operations Critical Operations General Operations General Operations Tools Tools Building Information Modeling Building Information Modeling |
| 910 | Energy Modeling Energy Modeling Life-Cycle Analysis Tools Life-Cycle Analysis Tools Client Process Client Process Programming Programming |
| 911 | Siting Siting Budgeting Budgeting Team Selection Team Selection Collaboration Collaboration Teamwork Teamwork Team Formation Team Formation Decision-Making Criteria Decision-Making Criteria |
| 912 | Strategy Development Strategy Development Iterative Evaluation and Analysis Iterative Evaluation and Analysis |
| 913 | Design Activities and Deliverables Design Activities and Deliverables Drawings Drawings Specifications Specifications Value Engineering Value Engineering Risk Management Risk Management Budget Control Budget Control |
| 914 | Constructability Review Constructability Review Operational Review Operational Review Commissioning Commissioning Project Delivery Sequence Focus Project Delivery Sequence Focus References References |
| 915 | Bibliography Bibliography Resources Resources |
| 916 | I-P_A07_Ch58 I-P_A07_Ch58 Chemical Incidents Chemical Incidents Types of Chemical Agents Types of Chemical Agents |
| 917 | Incapacitating Agents Incapacitating Agents Irritants Irritants Toxic Chemical Agents Toxic Chemical Agents |
| 918 | Other HVAC-Compromising Gases and Vapors Other HVAC-Compromising Gases and Vapors |
| 919 | Biological Incidents Biological Incidents Radiological Incidents Radiological Incidents |
| 920 | Radioactive Materials’ Effects and Sources Radioactive Materials’ Effects and Sources Radiological Dispersion Radiological Dispersion Radiation Monitoring Radiation Monitoring Facility Response Facility Response Explosive Incidents Explosive Incidents Loading Description Loading Description |
| 921 | Design Considerations Design Considerations |
| 922 | HVAC System Design HVAC System Design Risk Evaluation Risk Evaluation References References Bibliography Bibliography |
| 923 | Online Resources Online Resources |
| 924 | I-P_A07_Ch59 I-P_A07_Ch59 Selected Codes and Standards Published by Various Societies and Associations Selected Codes and Standards Published by Various Societies and Associations |
| 950 | ORGANIZATIONS ORGANIZATIONS |
