{"id":78808,"date":"2024-10-17T18:25:39","date_gmt":"2024-10-17T18:25:39","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/pdfstandards.shop\/product\/uncategorized\/asce-9780784402764-1998\/"},"modified":"2024-10-24T19:38:12","modified_gmt":"2024-10-24T19:38:12","slug":"asce-9780784402764-1998","status":"publish","type":"product","link":"https:\/\/pdfstandards.shop\/product\/publishers\/asce\/asce-9780784402764-1998\/","title":{"rendered":"ASCE 9780784402764 1998"},"content":{"rendered":"
Paul Levin leads engineers, owners, and construction managers through the complex process of construction contracting, focusing on the prevention, preparation, management, and resolution of construction claims and change orders.<\/p>\n
PDF Pages<\/th>\n | PDF Title<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
4<\/td>\n | FOREWORD <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
5<\/td>\n | ACKNOWLEDGEMENT <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
6<\/td>\n | PREFACE <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
8<\/td>\n | CONTENTS <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
18<\/td>\n | 1. INTRODUCTION 1-1. Claims Background <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
19<\/td>\n | 1-2. Definition of a Claim 1-3. Purpose of Book <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
20<\/td>\n | 1-4. Public Contracts (Heavy Construction) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
21<\/td>\n | 1-5. Private Contracts (Commercial and Residential) 1-6. Beyond the Contract\u2014Principles of Construction Law <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
22<\/td>\n | 1-7. Policies and Procedures for Administration 1-7a. Necessity of Procedures for Administrative Relief 1-7b. Basic Procedures for Claims and Change Order Administration 1-7c. Active Claims Policy <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
23<\/td>\n | 1-7d. Active Claims Program 1-7e. Procedural Roadblocks and How to Overcome Them 1-8. Review of Chapters <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
24<\/td>\n | 1-9. Owners, Designers, and Their Representatives <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
25<\/td>\n | 2. IDENTIFICATION AND NOTIFICATION 2-1. Claims Consciousness 2-2. Early Identification <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
26<\/td>\n | 2-3. Identification of Claims and Change Orders 2-3a. Importance of Identification 2-3b. First Requirement of Identification\u2014Knowledge of Contract Documents 2-3c. Frame of Reference <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
27<\/td>\n | 2-3d. Communications 2-3e. Second Requirement of Identification\u2014Familiarity with Legal Concepts and Rights <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
28<\/td>\n | 2-3f. The Changes Clause <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
30<\/td>\n | 2-3g. Warning Signs of Claim Situations <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
31<\/td>\n | 2-4. Notification of Claims and Change Orders 2-5. Notification\u2014Time Requirements 2-5a. Federal Clauses <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
32<\/td>\n | 2-5b. Private Clauses <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
33<\/td>\n | 2-6. Late Notice <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
34<\/td>\n | 2-7. Failure to Notify 2-8. Notification\u2014Problems of Owners <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
35<\/td>\n | 2-9. Federal Contracts and the Contract Disputes Act 2-9a. Request for Final Decision, Claims Certification <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
37<\/td>\n | 2-9b. Notice Requirements for Appeal of Decision 2-9c. Failure to Request Decision or Certify Claim 2-9d. Appeal of Board Decision <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
38<\/td>\n | 2-9e. Additional Notes on Claims Certification 2-10. Conclusion <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
39<\/td>\n | 3. DIFFERING SITE CONDITIONS 3-1. Introduction 3-2. Differing Site Conditions Clause <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
40<\/td>\n | 3-3. Type One Conditions\u2014Examples <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
41<\/td>\n | 3-4. Type Two Conditions\u2014Examples <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
42<\/td>\n | 3-5. Man-Made Conditions\u2014Previous Construction <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
43<\/td>\n | 3-6. Forces of Nature 3-7. Site Investigation 3-7a. Duty to Investigate: Reasonable Investigation <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
44<\/td>\n | 3-7b. Disclaimers for Differing Site Conditions <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
46<\/td>\n | 3-7c. Representations of Conditions Must Be Specifically Incorporated in Specifications <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
47<\/td>\n | 3-7d. Inadequate Investigation 3-7e. Site Investigation Requirements <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
48<\/td>\n | 3-8. Summary and Checklist <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
49<\/td>\n | 4. INTERPRETATION AND REQUIREMENTS OF CONTRACT SPECIFICATIONS 4-1. Introduction 4-2. Rules of Contract Interpretation 4-2a. Background <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
50<\/td>\n | 4-2b. Reasonableness <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
51<\/td>\n | 4-2c. Read the Contract as a Whole 4-2d. Language <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
52<\/td>\n | 4-2e. Custom or Usage <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
53<\/td>\n | 4-2f. Parol Evidence Rule 4-2g. “Against the Drafter” <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
54<\/td>\n | 4-2h. Conduct <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
56<\/td>\n | 4-3. Defective Specifications 4-3a. Introduction <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
57<\/td>\n | 4-3b. Suitability of Designated Methods or Materials <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
58<\/td>\n | 4-3c. Possibility and Practicality 4-3d. Cardinal Changes 4-3e. Disclosure of Knowledge <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
59<\/td>\n | 4-3f. Cost and Notification Aspects <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
60<\/td>\n | 4-4. Duty to Seek Clarification 4-4a. Obligation to Notify Owner of Errors or Discrepancies <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
61<\/td>\n | 4-4b. Zone of Reasonableness <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
62<\/td>\n | 4-4c. Two-Step Test <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
63<\/td>\n | 4-4d. “Not Part of Contract” 4-5. Duty to Inform <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
64<\/td>\n | 4-6. Duty to Proceed <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
65<\/td>\n | 4-7. Inspection: Duty to Inspect 4-7a. Improper Rejection <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
66<\/td>\n | 4-7b. Improper Acceptance <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
67<\/td>\n | 4-8. Conclusion <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
68<\/td>\n | 5. DELAYS AND ACCELERATIONS 5-1. Introduction 5-2. Delays\u2014Excusability and Compensability <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
69<\/td>\n | 5-3. Noncompensable Delays <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
70<\/td>\n | 5-4. Nonexcusable Delays 5-5. CompensableTime Extensions <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
71<\/td>\n | 5-6. Compensable Delays <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
73<\/td>\n | 5-7. Unreasonable Delays 5-8. Delays\u2014Site Access <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
75<\/td>\n | 5-9. Concurrent Delays <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
76<\/td>\n | 5-10. Proving Delay and Delay Costs 5-10a. Disruption, Loss of Efficiency, and Loss of Learning Curve 5-10b. Out-of-Sequence Work 5-10c. Ripple Effect <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
77<\/td>\n | 5-10d. Delays Due to Differing Site Conditions <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
78<\/td>\n | 5-11. No Damage for Delay Clauses 5-12. Three Types of Acceleration 5-13. Constructive Acceleration 5-13a. Directive Not Required <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
79<\/td>\n | 5-13b. Notice, Request for Time Extension 5-13c. Explicit Denial of Time Extension Not Required <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
80<\/td>\n | 5-13d. Identification <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
81<\/td>\n | 5-14. Proving Delays, Time Extensions, and Acceleration 5-15. Acceleration Costs <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
82<\/td>\n | 5-16. Conclusion <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
83<\/td>\n | 6. RECORDS AND DOCUMENTATION 6-1. Introduction 6-2. Types of Records <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
84<\/td>\n | 6-3. Time Cards 6-4. Cost Account System <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
85<\/td>\n | 6-5. Production Rates 6-6. Material Receipts 6-7. Schedules 6-8. Cash Flows <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
86<\/td>\n | 6-9. Correspondence and Transmittal Logs 6-10. Computer (Cost) Reports <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
87<\/td>\n | 6-11. Daily Reports 6-12. Photographs <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
88<\/td>\n | 6-13. Special Forms for Claims and Change Order Records <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
89<\/td>\n | 6-14. Monthly Claims Review <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
90<\/td>\n | 6-15. Conclusion <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
91<\/td>\n | 7. USE OF PROJECT SCHEDULES AND THE CRITICAL PATH METHOD IN CLAIMS 7-1. Introduction 7-1a. Description of CPM <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
92<\/td>\n | 7-1b. Obstacles to Use of CPM for Construction Scheduling <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
93<\/td>\n | 7-2. Use of CPM in Claims Analysis <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
94<\/td>\n | 7-3. Pitfalls to Avoid in CPM Claims Analysis <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
96<\/td>\n | 7-4. Construction of As-Planned Schedule 7-4a. Essential Elements in Constructing the Schedule <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
97<\/td>\n | 7-4b. Additional Considerations of Schedule Preparation <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
98<\/td>\n | 7-5. Float 7-6. Float\u2014Early Completion <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
101<\/td>\n | 7-7. Concurrent Delay 7-8. Voluntary versus Constructive Acceleration <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
102<\/td>\n | 7-9. Schedule Analysis Techniques for Claims Support 7-9a. Impacted As-Planned Analysis 7-9b. Fragnet (Windows, Chronological Impact) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
103<\/td>\n | 7-9c. Time Impact Analysis <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
104<\/td>\n | 7-9d. Collapsed As-Built (“But For”) 7-9e. Comparison Chart of CPM Analysis Methods <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
105<\/td>\n | 7-9f. Other Methods 7-10. Scheduling Expert’s Analysis <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
106<\/td>\n | 7-11. Conclusion <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
107<\/td>\n | 8. SUBCONTRACTORS AND SUPPLIERS 8-1. Introduction 8-2. General Contractor’s Performance <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
108<\/td>\n | 8-3. Contractor-Subcontractor Relationship 8-4. Subcontractor-Owner Claims <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
109<\/td>\n | 8-5. Suppliers 8-5a. Delays, Drawing Approvals 8-5b. Supplier Purchase Orders <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
110<\/td>\n | 8-5c. Proprietary Specifications\u2014Contractor’s Right to Substitute <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
111<\/td>\n | 8-5d. Supplier Schedules 8-6. Documentation of General Contractor Subcontractor\/Supplier Transactions <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
112<\/td>\n | 8-7. Other Contractor-Subcontractor Issues 8-7a. Severin Doctrine 8-7b. Miller Act <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
113<\/td>\n | 8-7c. Sponsoring Subcontractor Claims 8-8. Subcontractor-Specific Claims Publications <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
114<\/td>\n | 8-9. AGC\/ASA\/ASC Standard Form Contract <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
116<\/td>\n | 8-10. Conclusion <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
117<\/td>\n | 9. PRICING 9-1. Introduction 9-2. The Two Types of Pricing 9-2a. Description of Forward Pricing and Postpricing <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
118<\/td>\n | 9-2b. Forward Pricing Is Typically Preferred <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
119<\/td>\n | 9-2c. Dealing with Risk in Forward Pricing 9-2d. Postpricing 9-3. Total Cost 9-3a. Total Cost and Modified Total Cost <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
120<\/td>\n | 9-3b. Last Resort <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
121<\/td>\n | 9-3c. Four Conditions for Total Cost Claim 9-4. Cost Analysis <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
122<\/td>\n | 9-4a. Actual Cost 9-4b. Reasonable Costs Developed from Existing Job Data 9-4c. Estimating Reasonable Cost <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
123<\/td>\n | 9-5. The Proposal\u2014Request for Equitable Adjustment 9-5a. General Pricing Philosophy 9-5b. Pricing Elements and Details <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
124<\/td>\n | 9-5c. Production Rates <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
125<\/td>\n | 9-5d. Overhead and Profit <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
129<\/td>\n | 9-6. Use of Forms 9-7. Material Quantities and Prices <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
130<\/td>\n | 9-8. Impact and Inefficiency Costs 9-8a. How Impact Costs Are Incurred <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
131<\/td>\n | 9-8b. Specific, Identifiable Extra Work 9-8c. Pricing Inefficiency and Loss of Productivity <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
133<\/td>\n | 9-8d. Material and Equipment Costs <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
134<\/td>\n | 9-9. Other Issues of Claims Pricing 9-9a. Interest Costs <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
135<\/td>\n | 9-9b. Legal Fees, Change Orders, and Claim Preparation Costs <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
136<\/td>\n | 9-9c. Use of Expert Opinions 9-9d. Critical Path Method Submissions for Payment Purposes 9-9e. Federal Cost Principles <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
137<\/td>\n | 9-10. Conclusion <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
138<\/td>\n | 10. NEGOTIATIONS 10-1. Introduction <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
139<\/td>\n | 10-2. Preparation and Knowledge 10-3. Forward Pricing Claims <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
140<\/td>\n | 10-4. Preparation for Negotiation Meeting <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
141<\/td>\n | 10-5. Tactics\u2014Control of the Meeting <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
142<\/td>\n | 10-6. Tactics\u2014Large Claims <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
143<\/td>\n | 10-7. Other Negotiation Tactics 10-8. Other Negotiation Considerations <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
144<\/td>\n | 10-9. Authority to Negotiate 10-10. Conclusion <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
145<\/td>\n | 11. DISPUTES AVOIDANCE, RESOLUTION, AND ALTERNATIVE DISPUTE RESOLUTION 11-1. Introduction 11-2. Disputes Avoidance <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
146<\/td>\n | 11-3. Partnering 11-3a. Partnering Defined 11-3b. History of Partnering 11-3c. Elements of Success <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
147<\/td>\n | 11-3d. Obstacles to Partnering <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
149<\/td>\n | 11-3e. Results of Partnering 11-4. Dispute Review Boards 11-4a. Dispute Review Boards Defined <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
150<\/td>\n | 11-4b. DRB Procedures <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
151<\/td>\n | 11-4c. DRB Costs 11-4d. DRB Effectiveness and Success <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
153<\/td>\n | 11-4e. International Applications 11-4f. Other Considerations of DRB Procedures 11-4g. DRB Summary <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
154<\/td>\n | 11-5. Escrow Bid Documents 11-6. Geotechnical Design Summary Report <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
155<\/td>\n | 11-7. Arbitration <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
156<\/td>\n | 11-8. Mediation <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
157<\/td>\n | 11-9. Other ADR Methods 11-9a. Minitrials <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
158<\/td>\n | 11-9b. MedArb 11 -9c. Summary Trials before the Boards of Contract Appeals 11-9d. Hybrids of Mediation 11-10. Alternative Dispute Resolution Act and the Federal ADR Experience <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
159<\/td>\n | 11-11. Formal Administrative and Judicial Dispute Resolution <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
160<\/td>\n | 11-11a. Federal Contracts <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
161<\/td>\n | 11-11 b. Private Contracts and State and Local Public Contracts 11-11c. Mechanics’ Liens 11-12. Conclusion <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
162<\/td>\n | 12. TERMINATION 12-1. Introduction 12-2. Federal Clauses <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
163<\/td>\n | 12-2a. Termination for Default <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
164<\/td>\n | 12-2b. Termination for Convenience <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
166<\/td>\n | 12-2c. Notice of Termination 12-3. Private Clauses 12-3a. Termination for Cause <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
167<\/td>\n | 12-3b. Suspension for Convenience 12-3c. Termination by Contractor <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
168<\/td>\n | 12-4. Conclusion <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
169<\/td>\n | 13. CONCLUSION 13-1. The Claims, Changes, and Dispute Resolution Process 13-2. Roles of Construction Team <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
171<\/td>\n | 13-2a. Contractor’s Role 13-2b. Designer’s Role 13-2c. Owner’s and Owner’s Representatives’Roles 13-3. Role of Alternative Dispute Resolution <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
172<\/td>\n | 13-4. Legal Considerations <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
173<\/td>\n | 13-5. Use of Experts 13-6. Claims Consciousness <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
176<\/td>\n | APPENDICES 1. Contract Disputes Act of 1978\/FAR 33.2 <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
181<\/td>\n | 2. Relevant FAR Clauses\u2014Subparts 52 and 33 <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
203<\/td>\n | 3. AIAA201 <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
209<\/td>\n | 4. EJCDC Selected Clauses (1910-8) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
220<\/td>\n | 5. Site Investigations Report Form <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
222<\/td>\n | 6. Restatement of Contracts <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
223<\/td>\n | 7. Overtime Statistic References <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
224<\/td>\n | 8. Daily Production Report Form <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
225<\/td>\n | 9. Change Order Initiation Form <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
228<\/td>\n | 10. Change Order Status Report <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
229<\/td>\n | 11. Schedule Cover Letter <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
230<\/td>\n | 12. ACG\/ASA\/ASC Selected Clauses <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
237<\/td>\n | 13. Flat Rate System <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
239<\/td>\n | 14. Pricing Formats <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
240<\/td>\n | 15. Pricing Checklist <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
241<\/td>\n | 16. Productivity Charts Construction Operations Learning Chart <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
242<\/td>\n | Crowding Loss Curve Efficiency Loss <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
243<\/td>\n | Composite Effects of Crew Overloading Unproductive Labor at Crew Overloading <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
244<\/td>\n | BLS#917 <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
245<\/td>\n | Cumulative Effect on Overtime <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
246<\/td>\n | 17. Cost Principles\u2014F.A.R. Clauses <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
255<\/td>\n | 18. ASBCA ADR Sample Forms <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
262<\/td>\n | 19. DART Declaration <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
264<\/td>\n | 20. Index to Legal Citations <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
268<\/td>\n | BIBLIOGRAPHY\/REFERENCES <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
270<\/td>\n | INDEX A B C D <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
271<\/td>\n | E F G I M N P R <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
272<\/td>\n | S T Z <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Construction Contract Claims, Changes & Dispute Resolution<\/b><\/p>\n |