{"id":252382,"date":"2024-10-19T16:39:43","date_gmt":"2024-10-19T16:39:43","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/pdfstandards.shop\/product\/uncategorized\/bs-en-60076-142013\/"},"modified":"2024-10-25T11:58:51","modified_gmt":"2024-10-25T11:58:51","slug":"bs-en-60076-142013","status":"publish","type":"product","link":"https:\/\/pdfstandards.shop\/product\/publishers\/bsi\/bs-en-60076-142013\/","title":{"rendered":"BS EN 60076-14:2013"},"content":{"rendered":"

IEC 60076-14:2013 applies to liquid-immersed power transformers employing either high-temperature insulation or combinations of high-temperature and conventional insulation, operating at temperatures above conventional limits. It is applicable to: – power transformers in accordance with IEC 60076-1; – convertor transformers according to IEC 61378 series; – transformers for wind turbine applications in accordance with IEC 60076-16; – arc furnace transformers; – reactors in accordance with IEC 60076-6. This part of IEC 60076 may be applicable as a reference for the use of high-temperature insulation materials in other types of transformers and reactors. This first edition of IEC 60076-14 cancels and replaces the second edition of the Technical Specification IEC\/TS 60076-14 published in 2009. It constitutes a technical revision.<\/p>\n

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6<\/td>\nAnnex ZA (normative) Normative references to international publications with their corresponding European publications <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
7<\/td>\nEnglish
CONTENTS <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
10<\/td>\nINTRODUCTION <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
11<\/td>\n1 Scope
2 Normative references <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
12<\/td>\n3 Terms and definitions <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
14<\/td>\n4 Insulation systems
4.1 General <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
15<\/td>\n4.2 Winding insulation types
4.2.1 General
Tables
Table 1 \u2013 Preferred insulation system thermal classes <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
16<\/td>\n4.2.2 Summary of winding\/system insulation types
4.2.3 Hybrid winding types
Table 2 \u2013 Winding\/system insulation comparison <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
17<\/td>\nFigures
Figure 1 \u2013 Example of semi-hybrid insulation windings <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
18<\/td>\nFigure 2 \u2013 Example of a mixed hybrid insulation winding <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
19<\/td>\n4.2.4 High-temperature insulation winding
Figure 3 \u2013 Example of full hybrid insulation windings <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
20<\/td>\n5 Temperature rise limits
5.1 General
Figure 4 \u2013 Example of high-temperature insulation system <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
21<\/td>\nTable 3 \u2013 Maximum continuous temperature rise limits for transformers with hybrid insulation systems <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
22<\/td>\n5.2 Thermally upgraded paper (TUP)
5.3 Cellulose used in ester liquid
6 Components and materials
6.1 General
6.2 Leads and cables
Table 4 \u2013 Maximum continuous temperature rise limits for transformers with high-temperature insulation systems <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
23<\/td>\n7 Special design considerations
7.1 Short-circuit considerations
7.2 Dielectric requirements
7.3 Temperature requirements <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
24<\/td>\nFigure 5 \u2013 Temperature gradient conductor to liquid <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
25<\/td>\n7.4 Overload
Table 5 \u2013 Suggested maximum overload temperature limits for transformers with hybrid insulation systems
Table 6 \u2013 Suggested maximum overload temperature limits for transformers with high-temperature insulation systems <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
26<\/td>\n8 Required information
8.1 Information to be provided by the purchaser
8.1.1 Ambient temperatures and loading cycle
8.1.2 Other unusual service conditions
8.2 Information to be provided by the manufacturer
8.2.1 Thermal characteristics
8.2.2 Guarantees
9 Rating plate and additional information
9.1 Rating plate <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
27<\/td>\n9.2 Transformer manual
10 Test requirements
10.1 Routine, type and special tests
10.2 Dissolved gas analysis
10.3 OD cooled compact transformers
10.4 Evaluation of temperature-rise tests for windings with multiple hot-spots <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
29<\/td>\n10.5 Dielectric type tests
Figure 6 \u2013 Modified temperature diagram for windings with mixed hybrid insulation system <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
30<\/td>\n11 Supervision, diagnostics, and maintenance
11.1 General
11.2 Transformers filled with mineral insulating oil
11.3 Transformers filled with high-temperature insulating liquids <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
31<\/td>\nAnnex A (informative) Insulation materials <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
32<\/td>\nFigure A.1 \u2013 Example of a thermal endurance graph <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
35<\/td>\nTable A.1 \u2013 Typical properties of solid insulation materials <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
36<\/td>\nTable A.2 \u2013 Typical enamels for wire insulation <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
37<\/td>\nTable A.3 \u2013 Typical performance characteristics of unused insulating liquids <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
38<\/td>\nAnnex B (informative) Rapid temperature increase and bubble generation <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
39<\/td>\nFigure B.1 \u2013 Bubble evolution temperature chart <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
41<\/td>\nAnnex C (informative) Ester liquid and cellulose <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
42<\/td>\nFigure C.1 \u2013 Tensile strength ageing results of TUP in mineral oil and natural ester liquid <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
43<\/td>\nFigure C.2 \u2013 Composite tensile strength ageing results of TUP in mineral oil and natural ester liquid <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
44<\/td>\nFigure C.3 \u2013 DP ageing results of TUP in mineral oil and natural ester liquid <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
45<\/td>\nFigure C.4 \u2013 Composite DP ageing results of TUP in mineral oil and natural ester liquid
Figure C.5 \u2013 Tensile strength ageing results of kraft paper in mineral oil and natural ester liquid <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
46<\/td>\nFigure C.6 \u2013 Composite tensile strength ageing results of kraft paper in mineral oil and natural ester liquid
Figure C.7 \u2013 DP ageing results of kraft paper in mineral oil and natural ester liquid <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
47<\/td>\nFigure C.8 \u2013 Composite DP ageing results of kraft paper in mineral oil and natural ester liquid <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
49<\/td>\nFigure C.9 \u2013 Infrared spectra of kraft paper aged in liquid at 110\u00a0\u00b0C for 175 days
Table C.1 \u2013 Effect of moisture solubility limits on cellulose moisture reduction <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
50<\/td>\nTable C.2 \u2013 Comparison of ageing results <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
51<\/td>\nFigure C.10 \u2013 Unit life versus temperature of TUP ageing data (least squares fit)
Figure C.11 \u2013 Unit life versus temperature of kraft paper ageing data (least squares fit) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
52<\/td>\nTable C.3 \u2013 Maximum temperature rise forester liquid\/cellulose insulation systems
Table C.4 \u2013 Suggested maximum overload temperature limits for ester liquid\/cellulose insulation systems <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
55<\/td>\nAnnex D (normative) Insulation system coding <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
58<\/td>\nBibliography <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Power transformers – Liquid-immersed power transformers using high-temperature insulation materials<\/b><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n
Published By<\/td>\nPublication Date<\/td>\nNumber of Pages<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BSI<\/b><\/a><\/td>\n2013<\/td>\n62<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n","protected":false},"featured_media":252389,"template":"","meta":{"rank_math_lock_modified_date":false,"ep_exclude_from_search":false},"product_cat":[2641],"product_tag":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-252382","1":"product","2":"type-product","3":"status-publish","4":"has-post-thumbnail","6":"product_cat-bsi","8":"first","9":"instock","10":"sold-individually","11":"shipping-taxable","12":"purchasable","13":"product-type-simple"},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/pdfstandards.shop\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/product\/252382","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/pdfstandards.shop\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/product"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/pdfstandards.shop\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/product"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pdfstandards.shop\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/252389"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/pdfstandards.shop\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=252382"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"product_cat","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pdfstandards.shop\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/product_cat?post=252382"},{"taxonomy":"product_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pdfstandards.shop\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/product_tag?post=252382"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}