This Technical Specification describes the testing of the freeze-thaw scaling resistance of concrete both with water and with sodium chloride solution. It can be used either to compare new constituents or new concrete compositions against a constituent or a concrete composition that is known to give adequate performance in the local environment or to assess the test results against some absolute numerical values based on local experiences.<\/p>\n
Extrapolation of test results to assess different concretes, i.e. new constituents or new concrete compositions, requires an expert evaluation.<\/p>\n
In some cases the test methods may not be suitable for testing special concretes e.g. high strength concrete or permeable concrete. In these cases the result needs to be treated with caution. Also, the testing methods included in this document may not identify aggregates that are subject to occasional \u2018pop-outs\u2019.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n
There is no established correlation between the results obtained by the three test methods. All tests will clearly identify poor and good behaviour, but they differ in their assessment of marginal behaviour. The application of different acceptance limits for test results enables assessment for different degrees of exposure severity. In case of justified modifications of the test parameters, precautions might apply. Some alternative applications are described in Annex A<\/span>.<\/p>\n Testing hardened concrete – Freeze-thaw resistance with de-icing salts. Scaling<\/b><\/p>\nPDF Catalog<\/h4>\n
\n
\n PDF Pages<\/th>\n PDF Title<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n \n 4<\/td>\n Contents Page <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n 5<\/td>\n European foreword <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n 6<\/td>\n Introduction <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n 7<\/td>\n 1 Scope
2 Normative references
3 Terms and definitions <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n\n 8<\/td>\n 4 Making of test specimens
5 Slab test (reference method)
5.1 Principle
5.2 Equipment <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n\n 9<\/td>\n 5.3 Preparation of test specimens <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n 10<\/td>\n Figure 1 \u2014 Location of test specimen and test surface in sawn cube <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n 11<\/td>\n Figure 2 \u2014 Sealing the test specimen
Figure 3 \u2014 The test set-up used for the freeze\u2013thaw test <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n\n 12<\/td>\n 5.4 Test procedure
Figure 4 \u2014 Time (t) -temperature (T) cycle in the freezing medium at the centre of the test surface <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n\n 13<\/td>\n Table 1 \u2014 Points specifying the shaded area in Figure 4 <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n 14<\/td>\n 5.5 Expression of results
5.6 Test report <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n\n 15<\/td>\n 6 Cube test (alternative method)
6.1 Principle
6.2 Equipment <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n\n 16<\/td>\n Figure 5 \u2014 Container with specimens <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n 17<\/td>\n Figure 6 \u2014 Container with cubes and temperature sensor
6.3 Preparation of test specimen
6.4 Test procedure <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n\n 18<\/td>\n Figure 7 \u2014 Temperature behaviour pattern in the centre of a cube <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n 19<\/td>\n Table 2 \u2014 Points specifying the shaded area in Figure 7
6.5 Expression of the results <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n\n 20<\/td>\n 6.6 Test report <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n 21<\/td>\n 7 CF\/CDF-test (alternative method)
7.1 Principle
7.2 Equipment <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n\n 22<\/td>\n Figure 8 \u2014 Principle arrangement of the CF\/CDF-test during the freeze\u2013thaw cycles <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n 23<\/td>\n 7.3 Preparation of test specimens
Figure 9 \u2014 Arrangement of PTFE plates <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n\n 24<\/td>\n 7.4 Test procedure
Figure 10 \u2014 Temperature curve <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n\n 25<\/td>\n Table 3 \u2014 Points specifying the shaded area in Figure 10 <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n 26<\/td>\n 7.5 Expression of test results
7.6 Test report <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n\n 27<\/td>\n 8 Precision data <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n 28<\/td>\n Table 4 \u2014 Functional relation between scaling and repeatability and reproducibility of coefficient of variation (scaling with 3 %-sodium chloride solution)
Table 5 \u2014 Precision data for appropriate scaling level <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n\n 29<\/td>\n Annex A (informative) Alternative applications <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n 32<\/td>\n Annex B (informative) Guideline for selection of brush
B.1 General
B.2 Construction data and characteristics of the brush
B.2.1 Nature of the materials of hair, shore hardness, tip form
B.2.2 Body dimensions
B.2.3 Number of holes per brush, number of hairs per hole <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n\n 33<\/td>\n Figure B.1 \u2014 Brush characteristics
B.2.4 Shape
B.2.5 Wear indicator (recommended, not mandatory) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n\n 34<\/td>\n Bibliography <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" \n\n
\n Published By<\/td>\n Publication Date<\/td>\n Number of Pages<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n BSI<\/b><\/a><\/td>\n 2016<\/td>\n 36<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n","protected":false},"featured_media":216322,"template":"","meta":{"rank_math_lock_modified_date":false,"ep_exclude_from_search":false},"product_cat":[1258,2641],"product_tag":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-216321","1":"product","2":"type-product","3":"status-publish","4":"has-post-thumbnail","6":"product_cat-91-100-30","7":"product_cat-bsi","9":"first","10":"instock","11":"sold-individually","12":"shipping-taxable","13":"purchasable","14":"product-type-simple"},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/pdfstandards.shop\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/product\/216321","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/pdfstandards.shop\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/product"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/pdfstandards.shop\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/product"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pdfstandards.shop\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/216322"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/pdfstandards.shop\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=216321"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"product_cat","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pdfstandards.shop\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/product_cat?post=216321"},{"taxonomy":"product_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pdfstandards.shop\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/product_tag?post=216321"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}