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BSI PD CEN/TR 13387-3:2015

BSI PD CEN/TR 13387-3:2015

$198.66

Child use and care articles. General safety guidelines – Mechanical hazards

Published By Publication Date Number of Pages
BSI 2015 64
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This Technical Report provides guidance information on mechnical hazards that should be taken into consideration when developing safety standards for child use and care articles. In addition, these guidelines can assist those with a general professional interest in child safety.

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PDF Pages PDF Title
4 Contents Page
7 European foreword
8 1 Scope
2 Mechanical hazards – Safety philosophy
3 Terms and definitions
4 Accessibility of mechanical hazards
4.1 General
9 4.2 Accessibility areas
Table 1 — Reach envelopes for guidance in the specification of accessibility areas in standards – anthropometric data related to Figure 1
10 Figure 1 — Reach envelopes for determination of accessibility areas
4.3 Product information
11 5 Entrapment hazards
5.1 Introduction
12 Figure 2 — Entrapment matrix
5.2 Entrapment of head and neck
5.2.1 Rationale
13 5.2.2 Terms and definitions related to entrapment hazards
Figure 3 — Examples of completely bound openings
Figure 4 — Examples of partially bound openings
Figure 5 — Examples of V shaped openings
14 5.2.2.4
Figure 6 — Example of an irregular shaped opening
5.3 Requirements
5.4 Test equipment
5.4.1 Probe philosophy
5.4.2 Hip probe
15 Table 2 — Hip probe corresponding to smallest child
Figure 7 — Hip probe
5.4.3 Small head probe
16 Table 3 — Head probe corresponding to smallest child
Figure 8 — Small head probe
5.4.4 Large head probe
17 Table 4 — Head probe corresponding to largest child
Figure 9 — Large head probe
5.4.5 Template for partially bound and V shaped openings
18 Figure 10 — Template for partially bound and V shaped openings
5.4.6 Selection and use of probes
5.4.6.1 Probe size
5.4.6.2 Feet first openings
5.4.6.3 Head first openings
19 5.4.6.4 Irregular shaped openings
5.4.6.5 Partially bound openings
5.5 Test methodology
5.5.1 Feet first openings
5.5.2 Head first openings
5.5.3 Partially bound, V and irregular shaped openings
20 Figure 11 — Method of insertion of portion B
Figure 12 — Method of insertion of portion B
21 Figure 13 — Method of insertion of portion A
5.6 Entrapment of fingers
5.6.1 Rationale
22 5.6.2 Requirements
Figure 14 — Examples of the shape of openings which present a finger entrapment
Figure 15 — Examples of openings which may not present a risk of hazardous finger entrapment
5.6.3 Test equipment
23 Figure 16 — 5 mm, 7 mm and 12 mm probes
Figure 17 — Finger probe for mesh or flexible materials
5.6.4 Test Methodology
5.7 Rationale for entrapment of limbs, feet and hands
24 6 Hazards from moving parts
6.1 Rationale
6.2 General
6.3 Shearing hazards
6.3.1 Requirements
25 6.3.2 Test equipment
Figure 18 — Probe Ø 12 mm (0/+0,1 mm)
6.3.3 Test method
6.4 Requirements for crushing hazards
7 Hazards with products designed to fold for storage and transportation.
7.1 Rationale
7.2 Terms and definitions related to hazards with products designed to fold
26 7.3 Requirements
7.3.1 General
7.3.2 Unintentional release of locking mechanisms
7.3.3 Test methodology
7.3.3.1 Endurance test
7.3.3.2 Strength test
8 Hazards related to attachment mechanisms and opening and closing systems
8.1 Rationale
27 8.2 Requirement
8.3 Test methodology
9 Entanglement hazards
9.1 Snagging hazards
9.1.1 Rationale
9.1.2 Requirements
9.1.3 Test Equipment
9.1.3.1 General
9.1.3.2 Ball chain
28 Figure 19 — Ball chain
9.1.3.3 Spherical mass
Figure 20 — Mass
9.1.3.4 Ball chain loop and spherical mass
Figure 21 — Loop and mass
29 Figure 22 — Loop & mass
9.1.4 Test Methodology for loop and mass
30 Figure 23 — Retention of loop and mass
9.2 Cords, ribbons and parts used as ties
9.2.1 Rationale
9.2.2 Requirements
31 9.2.3 Test methodology
Key
Figure 24 — Examples of measuring cords, ribbons or parts used as a tie
9.3 Loops
9.3.1 Rationale
9.3.2 Requirements
9.3.3 Test methodology
32 10 Choking hazards
10.1 Introduction
10.2 Hazard due to small components
10.2.1 Rationale
10.2.2 Requirements
33 10.2.3 Test equipment (also used in 11.2.3)
10.2.3.1 Small parts cylinder
Figure 25 — Small parts cylinder
10.2.3.2 Feeler gauge
Figure 26 — Feeler gauge
10.2.3.3 Clamps
34 Figure 27 — Example of torque test clamp
Figure 28 — Examples of tensile test clamps
35 Figure 29 — Example of a tensile clamp
10.2.4 Test methodology (also in 11.2.4)
10.2.4.1 Assessment of child’s ability to grip components
10.2.4.2 Torque test
10.2.4.3 Tensile test
36 10.3 Accessibility of filling materials
10.3.1 Rationale
10.3.2 Requirement
10.3.3 Test equipment
37 Figure 30 — Test device
Figure 31 — Test teeth
10.3.4 Test methodology
38 10.4 Airway obstruction
10.4.1 Rationale
39 Figure 32 — Position of anatomical terms used relating to airway obstruction
40 10.4.2 Protective mechanisms of the airway
10.4.3 Requirements
Figure 33 – Example of product or part of the product with nearly spherical, hemispherical or cylindrical end
10.4.4 Test equipment
41 Figure 34 — Template A and B
10.4.5 Test methodology
11 Suffocation hazards
11.1 Introduction
42 11.2 Plastic decals and sheeting
11.2.1 Rationale
11.2.2 Requirements
11.2.3 Determination of hazard
11.2.4 Test equipment
11.2.4.1 Small parts cylinder
Figure 35 — Small parts cylinder
43 11.2.4.2 Feeler gauge
Figure 36 — Feeler gauge
11.2.5 Test methodology
11.2.5.1 Test temperature
11.2.5.2 Soaking test
11.2.5.3 Adhesion test
11.2.5.4 Tension test
11.2.5.5 Measuring the thickness
11.3 Non air-permeable packaging
11.3.1 Rationale
44 11.3.2 Requirements – Packaging
11.3.3 Test equipment
11.3.4 Test methodology
12 Ingestion hazards
12.1 Rationale
45 12.2 Ingestion of small components
12.2.1 Requirements
12.2.2 Test equipment (Also used in 11.2.3)
12.2.2.1 Small parts cylinder
Figure 37 — Small parts cylinder
46 12.2.2.2 Feeler gauge
Figure 38 — Feeler gauge
12.2.2.3 Clamps
Figure 39 — Example of torque test clamp
47 Figure 40 — Examples of tensile test clamps
Figure 41 — Example of a tensile clamp
12.2.3 Test methodology
12.2.3.1 Assessment of child’s ability to grip components
12.2.3.2 Torque test
48 12.2.3.3 Tensile test
13 Hazardous edges and projections
13.1 Introduction
13.2 Edges
13.2.1 Rationale
13.2.2 Requirements – Edges on products and components
49 13.2.3 Test methodology
13.3 Rigid protruding parts
13.3.1 Rationale
13.3.2 Requirements
13.3.3 Test methodology
13.4 Points and wires
13.4.1 Rationale
13.4.2 Requirement
14 Structural integrity
14.1 Introduction
50 14.2 Material suitability
14.2.1 Rationale
14.2.2 Requirements
51 14.3 Strength and durability of the product
14.3.1 Rationale
14.3.2 Requirements
14.3.3 Test methodology
15 Protective function
15.1 Introduction
15.2 Barrier function
15.2.1 Rationale
52 15.2.2 Requirements
15.2.2.1 Height
Table 5 — Height according to age
15.2.2.2 Gaps
15.2.3 Test equipment – Hip probe
Table 6 — Hip probe corresponding to smallest child
53 Figure 42 — Hip probe
15.2.4 Test methodology
15.2.4.1 Measurement of height
15.2.4.2 Gaps
15.2.4.3 Endurance test
15.3 Restraint systems
15.3.1 Rationale
54 15.3.2 Terms and definitions related to restraint systems
15.3.3 Requirements
15.3.3.1 Restraint system
15.3.3.2 Harness anchorage points
15.3.4 Test equipment
55 Figure 43 — Test dummy
15.3.5 Test methodology
15.3.5.1 Effectiveness of the restraint system
56 15.3.5.2 Attachment of the restraint system to the product
15.3.5.3 Strength of fastener
15.3.5.4 Effectiveness of the adjustment system
15.3.5.5 Strength of the harness anchorage points
15.4 Footholds
15.4.1 Rationale
15.4.2 Requirements
57 15.4.3 Test equipment (Templates)
Figure 44 — Template for the foothold test (example of left hand template)
15.4.4 Determination of a foothold
15.4.4.1 Continuous structure
Figure 45 — Examples of obscured triangles indicating a foothold on a continuous structure
58 15.4.4.2 Non-continuous structure
Figure 46 — Examples of obscured triangles indicating a foothold
15.4.4.3 Wire, thin structures or similar parts
Figure 47 — Examples of a foothold on a wire, thin structure and similar part
15.4.4.4 Foot hold on an Intersecting or adjacent structures where the second structure prevents slipping
59 15.4.5 Test methodology
15.4.5.1 Footholds on a continuous support at an angle less than 55
15.4.5.2 Footholds on a non-continuous support at an angle less than 55
15.4.5.3 Foot hold on a Wire, thin structures or similar parts at an angle less than 55
15.4.5.4 Foot hold on an intersecting or adjacent structure where the second structure prevents slipping
15.4.5.5 Footholds on rigid components covered by flexible materials
60 Figure 48 — Examples of footholds on a continuous support at an angle less than 55
Figure 49 — Examples of footholds on a non-continuous support at an angle less than 55
61 Figure 50 — Examples of footholds on wire, thin structures or similar parts at an angle less than 55
Figure 51 — Example of footholds on intersecting or adjacent structures where the second structure prevents slipping
16 Hazard associated with stability
16.1 Rationale
16.2 General requirement
62 Bibliography

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BSI PD CEN/TR 13387-3:2015
$198.66